Chad

 


Chad

1. Country / Territory Brief

Chad is a LDC located in Central Africa, south of Libya. Its economy is largely based on agriculture and increasingly services

with exports such as cattle, oil, cotton and arabic gum. Chad is focusing on boosting the exports of the last three commodities to

finance its public investment plan in order to promote Chad to an emerging economy. ITC has helped Chad under the old EIF to

improve the value chain of leather and leather products. Based on the outcome of ITC’s intervention in Chad, the Italian Institute

for ForeigbTrade (ICE) has helped Chad to build a leather footwear production line. ITC’s expertise has also been solicited in the

implementation of a tier 2 project under the Enhanced Integrated Framework aimed at increasing Chad’s arabic gum exports.

The country has also benefited from a number of ITC interventions under PACT2.

Chad is a member of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) and also a member of the Economic

Community of Central African States (ECCAS). Its largest trade partners within the region are Cameroon, Nigeria, Sudan and

the Central African Republic with which informal trade is also significant. The government is striving at increasing its foreign

trade data both at the national and regional levels and is also part of a sub-regional project aimed at linking customs

administrations.

2. People and Economy

2.1 People

Total population

(growth rates per annum) 11,030,628 in 2012 with growth rates of 3.1% p.a during 2008-2012

Population density

(people per sq. km of

land area)

9 in 2012

Female population 50.0% in 2012

Population below 15

years of age 49.1% in 2012

Urban population 21.7% in 2012

Population living below

$1.25 a day at purchasing

power parity (PPP)

N.A

Ranking in the Human

Development Index (HDI) 184 out of 186 in 2012

Evolution of the Human Development Index (HDI)


Source: United Nations Development Programme Human Development Indicators

Note: The Human Development Index measures the overall development of a nation and ranges from 0 (low level of

development) to 1 (highest level of development). The United Nations Development Programme (http://hdr.undp.org)

provides a detailed explanation. ITC Regional group refers to ITC definition

Health Life expectancy at birth (years) (50); Mortality rate, under-5 (per thousand live births) (149.8) in

2012

Education Education index - expected and mean years of schooling (rank) ( 184 out of 191) in 2012

Income level GNI per capita in PPP terms (constant 2005 international $) ( ) in 2012

Inequality Inequality-adjusted HDI (rank) (130 out of 191)in 2012

Poverty Multidimensional Poverty Index (rank)( 20 out of 191) in 2012

Gender Gender inequality index (rank) () in 2012

Sustainability Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) (n.a) in 2012

2.2 Economy

Added value per sector (current US$ and % of GDP)

Sector added value

2004 2008 2012

US $ %GDP US $ %GDP US $ %GDP

Agriculture 1,011 23.5 793 13.6 N.A. N.A.

Industry 2,030 47.1 2,842 48.8 N.A. N.A.

Manufacturing 222 5.1 382 6.6 N.A. N.A.

Services 1,267 29.4 2,184 37.5 N.A. N.A.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)

Note: Added value is US$ terms are expressed in million, GDP US$, and

"6,976 to be read 6'976"

Evolution of GDP (constant 2005 US$)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)

Note: ITC calculations based on the World Bank WDI

Evolution of GDP per capita (constant 2005 US$)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)

Note: ITC calculations based on the World Bank WDI

Aid Dependency (Official Development Assistance/Gross National Income)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)

Note: ITC calculations based on the World Bank WDI. Regional group

refers to ITC definition

3. Trade Performance

3.1 General Trade Performance

3.1.1 Evolution of Trade Ratio to GDP - Goods





3.1.2 Evolution of Trade Ratio to GDP - Services

3.1.3 Evolution of Total Trade

3.1.4 Trade Map

3.1.5 Export and Import by Leading Destination - Export


3.1.6 Export and Import by Leading Destination - Import

3.1.7 Evolution of Exports and Imports by Destination - Export

3.1.8 Evolution of Exports and Imports by Destination - Import

3.1.9 Total Export Growth

Source: ITC, calculations based on ITC’s Trade Competitiveness Map data.

Note:Graph shows decomposition of the country’s export growth in value terms by diversification pattern over the indicated

period.

3.1.10 Marginal Export Growth


Source: ITC, calculations based on ITC’s Trade Competitiveness Map data.

Note:Graph shows decomposition of the country’s export growth in value by structural driving effects over the indicated period.

Values are in US$ thousands.

3.1.11 Composition of Trade in Services - Export

3.1.12 Composition of Trade in Services - Import

3.1.13 Evolution of FDI

3.2 Sector Trade Performance

3.2.1 Sectoral Diversification in Products - Export

3.2.2 Sectoral Diversification in Products - Import

3.2.3 Sectoral Diversification in Destinations - Export

3.2.4 Sectoral Diversification in Destinations - Import

3.2.5 Sectors by World Demand - Export

3.2.6 Sectors by World Demand - Import

3.2.7 Trade Performance Index


4. Trade Strategy and Policy

4.1 Trade and Development Strategies

Year Strategy name Sector

2011

ECCAS Coffee Export Strategy

The rationale of the strategy arises from the decrease in coffee

production...

Coffee

2011

ECCAS Cotton and Textile Export Strategy

The strategy envisages the creation of a competitive and integrated

value-chain, able...

Cotton, Garment Industry, Textile Industry

2006

Diagnostic Trade Integration Study - Chad

The study provides an overview of the current and recent economic

performance...

Cotton, Fisheries, Livestock, Arabic Gum,

Groundnuts

2005

UNDAF Chad 2006-2010

The UNDAF frames the UN assistance to Chad around five strategic

axis:...

2003

Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper - Chad 2003-2015

The PRSP provides an overview of the recent economic situation in

Chad...

4.2 Domestic and Foreign Market Access

Overview: Trade Policy and Business Environment

The Republic of Chad is classified as a low income country, which was ranked last out of 132 countries in the World Economic

Forum (WEF) Enabling Trade Index 2012, which measures institutions, policies and services to facilitate trade in countries.

Over the last decade, Chad has been faced with recurrent conflict that has led to a vulnerable and unstable business

environment. Access to trade finance, burdensome procedures and corruption at the borders as well as unsuitable production

technology and skills are the most problematic factors faced by exporters. As part of Central Africa, where the overall

infrastructure network is weak, the production capacities and regional trade of Chad are negatively influenced. Yet, in 2012 GDP

growth rebounded to 7.2 per cent followed by more modest but stable growth of 4 per cent in 2013, fuelled by strong exports in

the oil and agriculture sectors (WTO 2011; WEF 2012; IMF 2013).

African Development Bank, 2012, African Economic Outlook (Chad)

IMF, 2013, Statement at the Conclusion of and IMF Mission to Chad

WEF, 2012, Global Enabling Trade Report

WTO, 2012, Tariff profile (Chad)

INDICATOR, UNITS RANK/132 SCORE

Domestic Market Access The pillar assesses the level and complexity of a country’s tariff protection

as a result of its trade policy. This component includes the effective trade-weighted average tariff

applied by a country, the share of goods imported duty free and the complexity of the tariff regime,

measured through tariff variance, the prevalence of tariff peaks and specific tariffs, and the number

of distinct tariffs.

134 2.94

Foreign Market Access The pillar assesses tariff barriers faced by a country’s exporters in destination

markets. It includes the average tariffs faced by the country as well as the margin of preference in

destination markets negotiated through bilateral or regional trade agreements or granted in the form

of trade preferences.

51 3.06

Tariff rate (%) This indicator is calculated as a trade-weighted average of all the applied tariff rates,

including preferential rates that a country applies to the rest of the world. The weights are the trade

patterns of the importing country’s reference group (2012 data). An applied tariff is a customs duty

that is levied on imports of merchandise goods.

131 14.57

Complexity of tariffs , index 1-7 (best) This indicator is calculated as the average of the following

indicators: Tariff dispersion, Specific tariffs and Number of distinct tariffs. See description of each

individual indicator for more details. Prior to averaging, values for each indicator were transformed to

a 1–7 score, using the min-max method.

27 6.59

Tariffs dispersion (standard deviation) This indicator reflects differences in tariffs across product

categories in a country’s tariff structure. The variance is calculated across all the tariffs on imported

merchandise goods, at the 6-digit level of the Harmonized Schedule.

92 9.47

Tariffs peaks (%) This indicator is the ratio of the number of tariff lines exceeding three times the

average domestic tariff (across all products) to the MFN (most-favoured nation) tariff schedule. The

tariff schedule is equal to the total number of tariff lines for each country. These tariffs are revised on

a yearly basis.

1 0.00

Specific tariffs (%) This indicator is the ratio of the number of Harmonized System (HS) tariff lines,

with at least one specific tariff, to the total number of HS tariff lines. A specific tariff is a tariff rate

charged on fixed amount per quantity (as opposed to ad valorem)

1 0.00

Number of distinct tariffs This indicator reflects the number of distinct tariff rates applied by a country

to its imports across all sectors.

19 5.00

Share of duty-free imports (%) Share of trade, excluding petroleum, that is imported free of tariff

duties, taking into account MFN tariffs and preferential agreements. Tariff data is from 2013 or most

recent year available and imports data is from 2012

135 0.94

Tariffs faced (%) This indicator is calculated as the trade-weighted average of the applied tariff rates,

including preferential rates that the rest of the world applies to each country. The weights are the

trade patterns of the importing country’s reference group (2012 data). A tariff is a customs duty that is

levied by the destination country on imports of merchandise goods

33 5.17

Index of margin of preference in destination markets, 0-100 (best) This indicator measures the

percentage by which particular imports from one country are subject to lower tariffs than the MFN

rate. It is calculated as the average of two components: 1) the trade-weighted average difference

between the MFN tariff and the most advantageous preferential duty (advantage score), and 2) the

ratio of the advantage score to the trade-weighted average MFN tariff level. This allows capturing

both the absolute and the relative margin of preference.

56 35.09

Source : World Economic Forum, Global Enabling Trade Report 2014

Trade Policy and Market Access

Chad is a member of the main regional economic communities: the Central African Economic and Monetary Community

(CEMAC), the Economic Community of Central African states (ECCAS) and the Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CENSAD).

The overlapping of these regional economic communities with differing levels of liberalization in their respective domestic

markets imposes constraints on harmonisation and alignment. Chad adopts the CEMAC common external tariff (CET), and its

simple average MFN rate in 2013 was 18.1 per cent. However, Chad introduced few exceptions to the CET, to which 58 percent

higher tariffs (than the CET) are applied. Chad applies customs duty to products imported from non-CEMAC countries with

rates ranging from 5 to 30 per cent. Despite the establishment of the free trade area among CEMAC countries, the level of intracommunity

trade has remained low; distortion of the CET and numerous non-tariff barriers form impediments to trade in the

region. High non-tariff barriers such as overtaxing of goods; random checkpoints along corridors; highway robbers; and the poor

state of major highways are also obstacles to intra- regional trade (African Development Bank 2011; U.S. Department of State

2013).

WTO, 2013, Trade Policy Review (CEMAC: Chad)

African Development Bank, 2011, Regional Integration Strategy Paper, 2011-2015

U.S. Department of State, 2013, Investment Climate Statement (Chad)

World Economic Forum, 2012, Global Enabling Trade Report

Standard Compliance and Other Relevant Import/Export Restrictions

According to the WTO Trade Policy Review, Chad does not have a legal framework for standards and technical regulations nor

a member of international standard organizations such as the International Standardization Organization. As the common effort

at the regional level, the CEMAC countries signed an agreement creating the Central African Sub-regional Metrology

Organization and lunched the CEMAC Regional Infrastructure-Quality Development Project (IQ-CEMAC). Chad is drafting a law

to set up a national metrology system within the framework of this project. Concerning sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS)

measures, Chad is a party to International Plant Protection Convention, the Codex Alimentarious Commission, and the World

Organization for Animal Health. SPS regulations are not yet harmonized within the CEMAC. However, the Regional Food Safety

Programme has laid the foundation for the harmonization of the rules, addressing the pesticides as one of phytosanitary

measures. The organization for Coordination of the Fight against Endemic Diseases in Central Africa oversees the process of

harmonization of national pharmaceutical policies.

WTO, 2013, Trade Policy Review (CEMAC: Chad)

4.3 Trade Facilitation

Description

According to the World Bank Logistics Performance Index (LPI) (2012) which measures countries’ trade

logistics efficiency, Chad was ranked 152ndout of 155 countries. All logistics indicators are significantly

behind the averages of low income countries and further behind the Sub-Saharan African average

(notwithstanding timeliness which is equal to the low income group average). Improved logistics are proving

essential for enabling trade. As a landlocked country, N'Djamena, the capital of Chad is 1,700km far from the

nearest port, Douala in Cameroon. The road network is the only viable means of transporting goods inside the

country by accounting for 95 per cent of the transportation of goods and persons. Currently, in Chad, it needs

72 days and costs USD 6,615 to export and 31 days and USD 2,108 to import one standard container of

goods. Compared to the regional average (31 days and USD 2,108 for export; and 38 days and USD 2,793 for

import), trade in Chad is more time-consuming and costly (World Bank 2013). Inland transportation and

handling is the key obstacle to trade as it takes up approximately 75 per cent of the cost and 38 per cent of the

time. The poor road conditions such as road density vulnerable to changing weather produces extra

transportation costs of over 30 per cent according to government estimates, while efforts to further integrate

infrastructure with neighbouring countries in the region remain slow-moving. In line with the rising awareness

of the important of infrastructure by the government, a number of new commercial activities and foreign

investment projects including construction of new roads and bridges were launched in 2012 (U.S. Investment

Climate Statement for Chad 2013).

Source: African Development Bank, 2009, Chad Country Strategy Paper 2010-2014

African Development Bank, 2011, Regional Integration Strategy Paper 2011-2015

World Bank, 2013, Doing Business 2014 (Chad)

World Bank, 2012, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)

Logistics Performance Index (LPI): Country Comparison


Source: World Bank, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)

Note: Wolrd Bank, 2012

Logistics Performance Index –  Evolution

Source: World Bank, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)

Note: Wolrd Bank, 2012

4.4 Business and Regulatory Environment

Description

The World Bank Doing Business Report (2013) ranked Chad last out of 189 economies, with only the

indicator in getting credit standing out as slightly better on the global scale (130th). Chadian economy is

largely depending on subsistence agriculture, herding and fishing. The formulation of a vibrant business

environment is hindered by limited public institutions and unwelcoming regulatory framework. Corruption is

so widespread in various levels that the Transparency International ranked the 2013 Corruption Perceptions

Index of Chad 163rd out of 177 countries. Moreover, there is a lack of confidence in the judiciary from the

business community due to the lack of a sound legal and judicial framework to ensure fair treatment of

lenders in legal disputes. Complex tax structures, sluggish progress in privatising state owned enterprises,

and the long time to start a business (twice of the regional average) also aggravate businesses

circumstances. The country put an effort to attract foreign investment has been made by, for example,

offering three years of tax exemption for foreign companies establishing operations in Chad; undertook

reforms of its Investment Code in accordance with the regulations of the CEMAC,and prepare measures to

establish an investment and export promotion agency; and became a member of the Organization for the

Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA), which aims to bring Chad’s business laws in line with

other African member countries. Nevertheless, little progress took place due to the lack of implementation

and existing and overwhelming obstacles (U.S. Department of State 2013; IMF 2013).

Source: African Development Bank, 2009, Chad Country Strategy Paper 2010-2014

IMF, 2013, Country Report (Chad)

Transparency International, 2013, Corruption Perception Index

U.S. Department of State, 2013, Investment Climate Statement (Chad)

World Bank, 2011, Can OHADA Increase Legal Certainty in Africa?

World Bank, 2013, Doing Business 2014 (Chad)

The Business Environment: Doing Business

Source: World Bank, Doing Business

Multilateral Trade Instruments

Abstract

The Trade Treaties Map tool is a webbased system on multilateral trade treaties and instruments designed to assist trade support institutions (TSIs) and policymakers in optimizing their country's legal framework on international trade

Instrument ratified : 55 / 266 instruments

Ratification rate : 20.7%

Weighted score : 29.2/100

Ratification Rate Rank Weighted Score Rank

In World : 180 / 193 178 / 193

In Region : Sub-Saharan Africa 44/ 47 44/ 47

In Development level : Least developed country 42/ 48 39/ 48

Graph


Presents a visual illustration breaking down a country’s ratification level according to various categories and compares it to the world average.

Instruments

ratified Click here for a full list and more details about these multi-lateral trade instruments

4.5 Infrastructure

The WEF Global Competitiveness Report (2013) ranked the quality of overall infrastructure of Chad 143rd out of 148 countries.

Chad’s insufficient institutional, technical and personnel capacity to supplying infrastructure are reflected in the result. For

instance, electricity access is essentially confined to the capital whilst the Chadian electrification rate is one of the lowest in the

world at 3.7 per cent of the population. The average recurrence of power outages for businesses is double of the Sub-Saharan

African region. The density of fixed telephone lines in Chad also numbered one of the lowest in the wold by being 0.3 per 100

populations. That of mobile telephone subscriptions was 35.5 per 100 populations. Although there has been the growth of

mobile phones in the CEMAC region as a whole, the Chadian market remains dominated by two providers that enjoy essentially

a market duopoly. With regards to financial services, the state takes a significant and growing stake in the banking sector

following the nationalization of the Banque Agricole et Commerciale and an increased stake in the Commercial Bank Tchad. The

sector is rapidly growing, having reached a cumulative capitalization of CFAF 45 million as of 2011 (WTO 2013; WEF 2013;

African Development Bank 2013).

Indicator Value Rank/148

Quality of overall infrastructure How would you assess general infrastructure (e.g.,

transport, telephony, and energy) in your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped—

among the worst in the world; 7 = extensive and efficient—among the best in the

world] | 2012–13 weighted average.

2.12 138

Quality of roads How would you assess roads in your country? (1 = extremely

underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by international standards) | 2010, 2011. 2.47 126

Quality of railroad infrastructure How would you assess the railroad system in your

country? (1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by international

standards) | 2010, 2011.

n/a n/a

Quality of port infrastructure How would you assess port facilities in your country? (1 =

extremely underdeveloped; 7 = well-developed and efficient by international

standards). For landlocked countries, this measures the ease of access to port

facilities and inland waterways | 2010, 2011.

2.45 134

Quality of air transport infrastructure How would you assess passenger air transport

infrastructure in your country? (1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and

efficient by international standards) | 2010, 2011.

2.12 137

Individuals using Internet (%) Internet users are people with access to the worldwide

network. 35.37 134

Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop According to the World Bank, mobile cellular

telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service using

cellular technology, which provides access to switched telephone technology.

Postpaid and prepaid subscriptions are included. This can also include analogue and

digital cellular systems but should not include non-cellular systems. Subscribers to

fixed wireless, public mobile data services, or radio paging services are not included.

2.10 132

Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop: The International Telecommunication

Union considers broadband to be any dedicated connection to the Internet of 256

kilobits per second or faster, in both directions. Broadband subscribers refers to the

sum of DSL, cable modem and other broadband (for example, fiber optic, fixed

wireless, apartment LANs, satellite connections) subscribers.

0.16 115

5. ITC and the Country/Territory

5.1 ITC Projects

5.1.1 Current projects

Coordination of African Regional Cotton Sector Strategies Implementation

5.1.2 Recent projects

Banker Forum (fr)

Expansion du commerce intra et inter-regional entre les Etats Members de la CEMAC, de l'UEMOA et les Trois Francophones

Mekong (fr)

PACT2 - ECCAS - Coffee: Product and Market Development

PACT 2 - ECCAS Appui juridique pour les entreprises de l'Afrique occidentale et centrale

PACT 2 - ECCAS Regional Private Sector Apex Bodies for Public-Private Dialogue

PACT 2 - ECCAS Sector Strategy

PACT 2 - ECCAS Market Analysis and Sector Prioritization

ACCESS II for African Business Women in International Trade

Expansion du commerce intra et inter-regional pour les pays francophones du Mekong

Chad - Renforcement des capacites nationales

5.2 Events

5.2.1 Upcoming events

No data

5.2.2 Recent events

No data

5.3 ITC Contacts

Aissatou DIALLO

Senior Trade Promotion Officer

+41 22 730 0284

diallo@intracen.org

Ruben PHOOLCHUND

Chief, Office for Africa

+41 22 730 0508

phoolchund@intracen.org

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6. Trade Information Sources and

Contacts

6.1 Trade Information Sources

This section provides a list of country specific print and online publications on trade-related topics, including both ITC and

external sources.

6.1.1 ITC publications

Expansion du commerce intra- et inter-régional entre les pays membres de la CEMAC et de l' UEMOA: Rapport de

l'atelier de lancement

Réseau d'information commerciale et de gestion d'opportunités d'affaires - Mission d'évaluation et de présentation

du projet dans les différents points focaux de la CEMAC

Read more

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Analyse statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter- régionaux de la CEMAC et de l'UEMOA -

Livres scolaires, produits de l'édition et de la diffusion (résumé)

Rencontre acheteurs/vendeurs sur le bois et ses produits dérivés

République du Congo: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires en République du Congo - examine la structure et la capacité de

production de la branche d'activité concernée, ainsi...

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Gabon: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires (2006)

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires au Gabon - analyse la structure de l'offre des produits

alimentaires à travers l'examen des caractéristiques générales de l'offre,...

République Centrafricaine: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires en République Centrafricaine - examine la structure de la

branche d'activité concernée notamment la capacité et les facteurs de...

Rwanda: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires au Rwanda - décrit les principaux produits du pays et examine la

structure de la branche d'activité; donne le...

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Tchad: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires au Tchad - examine la structure de la branche d'activité

concernée notamment les capacités et les facteurs de production,...

Sénégal: Rencontre acheteurs/vendeurs sur les livres scolaires, l'édition et la diffusion

Expansion du commerce intra- et inter-régional entre les pays membres de la CEMAC et de l' UEMOA: Rapport de

l'atelier de lancement

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Tchad: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires au Tchad - donne un aperçu du marché tchadien et analyse la

structure de l'offre de produits alimentaires; examine...

Analyse statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter-régionaux de la CEMAC et de l'UEMOA

Analyse statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter-régionaux de la CEMAC et de l'UEMOA: Livres

scolaires, produits de l'édition et de la diffusion

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Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur le riz au Tchad

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur le riz au Tchad - étudie la structure de la branche d'activité concernée (capacité de

production, activités de recherche et développement, demande...

Tchad: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les livres scolaires, l'édition et la diffusion

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les livres scolaires, l' édition et la diffusion au Tchad - examine l'offre des produits

concernés sur le marché tchadien dans le...

6.1.2 Selected printed information sources

2011 Feasibility Study for a Cotton Spinning Mill in 11 [Eleven] Sub-Saharan African Countries

2005 Accès aux marchés des produits non-agricoles dans le cadre de l'OMC, des APEs et de AGOA : Cas de la CEMAC

2005 Intégration Régionale et Négociations de L'OMC sur le Commerce Des Services : Cas de L'Afrique Centrale

2007 - Martijn, Jan Kees; Tsangarides, Charalambos G. Trade Reform in the CEMAC : Developments and Opportunities

2009 - Gautier D Rapport filière gomme arabique : Région Sahel

2007 EPA Negotiations in the Central African Region : Some Issues for Consideration

1997 Nouveau régime fiscal et douanier: réforme fiscalo-douanière

1996 - Webster L; Fidler P, eds. Informal Sector and Microfinance Institutions in West Africa

2006 Cotton in West Africa : The Economic and Social Stakes

2011 Western Africa. Cotton and Products

2010 - Meyer, N. Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements and Technical Barriers to Trade : An African Perspective

2007 - Baghdadli, Ilhem Strategies for Cotton in West and Central Africa : Enhancing Competitiveness in the 'Cotton-4'

2007 - Ramirez G; Tsangarides C G Competitiveness in the CFA Franc Zone

2008 - Oliva, Maria A Trade Restrictiveness in the CEMAC Region : The Case of Congo

2007 LA CEMAC et les Négociations du Cycle de Doha : Solutions envisageables pour mitiger les effets négatifs de la

réduction des engagements en faveur de la zone CEMAC

2003 - Barba Navaretti G The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Enterprises in Small Backward Economies: The Case of Chad

and Gabon

2006 Le coton en Afrique de l'Ouest : Un enjeu économique et social

2007 Trade Policy Review : Chad

2007 Les négociations de Doha Round et le tarif douanier : Evaluation pour la CEMAC

2006 Overview of the Regional EPA Negotiations : Central Africa-EU Economic Partnership Agreement

2010 West African Cotton Improvement Programme : Final Evaluation

2008 Rapport annuel / Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale

2005 Étude sur le potentiel de la filière Emballage en Afrique

2008 - Gulde, Anne Marie; Tsangarides, Charalambos G The CFA Franc Zone : Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges

2007 Répertoire des opérateurs économiques du Tchad

2008 Perfil de la Industria Paraguaya de Software

2009 Characteristics of Malaysia's Animal Feed Market

2014 Perspectives on Global Development 2014: Boosting Productivity to Meet the Middle-Income Challenge

2010 Mobilizing Aid for Trade for SPS-Related Technical Cooperation in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region

2010 Leather Garments in the EU

2006 Overview of the Current State of Organic Agriculture in Kenya, Uganda and the Republic of Tanzania and the

Opportunities for Regional Harmonization

2007 Export Diversification and Value Addition for Human Development : Addressing the Impact of the Agreement on Textiles

and Clothing Expiration on Cambodia

2006 - Ruffing, Lorraine Deepening Development Through Business Linkages

2012 OECD Economic Surveys: Chile

2005 - Magder, D Egypt after the Multi-Fiber Arrangement: Global Apparel and Textile Supply Chains as a Route for Industrial

Upgrading

2006 Bangladesh: Furniture Export Market Sector Brief

2012 Cotton Contamination Surveys, 2001 - 2003 - 2005 - 2007 - 2009 - 2011

2006 - Boutou, Olivier Management de la sécurité des aliments : De l'HACCP à l'ISO 22000

2006 Trading up : Economic Perspectives on Development Issues in the Multilateral Trading System

2004 Perfiles de mercado para productos bolivianos en los mercados de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, México,

Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela

2010 Vietnam: Oilseeds and Products

2007 Organic Farming in the Czech Republic: 2007 Yearbook

2007 - Gibbon P; Bolwig S Economics of Certified of Organic Farming in Tropical Africa: A Preliminary Assessment

2006 The Relationship of Third-party Certification (TPC) to Sanitary / Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures and the International

Agri-Food Trade; Case Study: Guatemala- with Emphasis on Food Safety

2007 - Ismail F Mainstreaming Development in the WTO : Developing Countries in the Doha Round

2009 Market Report. Focus on the Nordic Market - Fresh Fruit and Vegetables

2001 - Karlöf, Bengt Benchlearning : Good Examples as a Lever for Development

2003 - Martin W; Pangestu M, eds. Options for Global Trade Reform : A View from the Asia-Pacific

2010 L'industrie sri lankaise du textile-habillement

2000 - Hauber, Christiane Formation, Prevention & Determination of Cr (VI) in Leather

6.1.3 Selected online information sources

Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) = Communauté Economique des Etats d'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC)

Organisation africaine de la propriété intellectuelle = African Intellectual Property Organization

OHADA

Investir en Zone Franc

OHADA LEGIS

Communauté Economique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC)

6.2 Trade Contacts

Femmes chefs d'entreprises du Tchad P.O. Box

164, N'Djamena

+00 235515500

+0023552 5884

kls@intnet.td

www.fcem.org

Agence Agence Nationale de Promotion des

Investiments et des Exportations

B.P. 424

S/C MCI N'Djamena

+235 2252 52 35

+23522510333

contact@anietchad.com

http://www.anietchad.com

 

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