Chad
Chad
1. Country / Territory
Brief
Chad is a LDC located in
Central Africa, south of Libya. Its economy is largely based on agriculture and
increasingly services
with exports such as
cattle, oil, cotton and arabic gum. Chad is focusing on boosting the exports of
the last three commodities to
finance its public
investment plan in order to promote Chad to an emerging economy. ITC has helped
Chad under the old EIF to
improve the value chain of
leather and leather products. Based on the outcome of ITC’s intervention in
Chad, the Italian Institute
for ForeigbTrade (ICE) has
helped Chad to build a leather footwear production line. ITC’s expertise has
also been solicited in the
implementation of a tier 2
project under the Enhanced Integrated Framework aimed at increasing Chad’s
arabic gum exports.
The country has also
benefited from a number of ITC interventions under PACT2.
Chad is a member of the
Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) and also a member of
the Economic
Community of Central
African States (ECCAS). Its largest trade partners within the region are
Cameroon, Nigeria, Sudan and
the Central African
Republic with which informal trade is also significant. The government is
striving at increasing its foreign
trade data both at the
national and regional levels and is also part of a sub-regional project aimed
at linking customs
administrations.
2. People and Economy
2.1 People
Total
population
(growth
rates per annum) 11,030,628 in 2012 with growth rates of 3.1% p.a during
2008-2012
Population
density
(people
per sq. km of
land
area)
9 in 2012
Female
population 50.0% in 2012
Population
below 15
years
of age 49.1% in 2012
Urban
population 21.7% in 2012
Population
living below
$1.25 a
day at purchasing
power
parity (PPP)
N.A
Ranking
in the Human
Development
Index (HDI) 184 out of 186 in 2012
Evolution of the Human Development Index (HDI)
Source: United Nations
Development Programme Human Development Indicators
Note: The Human
Development Index measures the overall development of a nation and ranges from
0 (low level of
development) to 1 (highest
level of development). The United Nations Development Programme (http://hdr.undp.org)
provides a detailed
explanation. ITC Regional group refers to ITC definition
Health Life
expectancy at birth (years) (50); Mortality rate, under-5 (per thousand live
births) (149.8) in
2012
Education
Education index - expected and mean years of schooling (rank) (
184 out of 191) in 2012
Income
level GNI per capita in PPP terms (constant 2005 international $) ( )
in 2012
Inequality
Inequality-adjusted HDI (rank) (130 out of 191)in 2012
Poverty
Multidimensional Poverty Index (rank)( 20 out of 191) in 2012
Gender Gender
inequality index (rank) () in 2012
Sustainability
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) (n.a) in 2012
2.2 Economy
Added value per sector (current US$ and % of GDP)
Sector
added value
2004 2008
2012
US $ %GDP
US $ %GDP US $ %GDP
Agriculture 1,011 23.5
793 13.6 N.A. N.A.
Industry 2,030 47.1
2,842 48.8 N.A. N.A.
Manufacturing 222 5.1
382 6.6 N.A. N.A.
Services 1,267 29.4
2,184 37.5 N.A. N.A.
Source: World Bank World
Development Indicators (WDI)
Note: Added value is US$
terms are expressed in million, GDP US$, and
"6,976 to be read
6'976"
Evolution of GDP (constant 2005 US$)
Source: World Bank World
Development Indicators (WDI)
Note: ITC calculations
based on the World Bank WDI
Evolution of GDP per capita (constant 2005 US$)
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)
Note: ITC calculations
based on the World Bank WDI
Aid Dependency (Official Development Assistance/Gross National Income)
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)
Note: ITC calculations
based on the World Bank WDI. Regional group
refers to ITC definition
3. Trade Performance
3.1 General Trade
Performance
3.1.1 Evolution of Trade
Ratio to GDP - Goods
3.1.2 Evolution of Trade
Ratio to GDP - Services
3.1.5 Export and Import
by Leading Destination - Export
3.1.6 Export and Import
by Leading Destination - Import
3.1.7 Evolution of
Exports and Imports by Destination - Export
3.1.8 Evolution of
Exports and Imports by Destination - Import
Source: ITC,
calculations based on ITC’s Trade Competitiveness Map data.
Note:Graph shows
decomposition of the country’s export growth in value terms by diversification
pattern over the indicated
period.
3.1.10 Marginal Export
Growth
Source: ITC,
calculations based on ITC’s Trade Competitiveness Map data.
Note:Graph shows
decomposition of the country’s export growth in value by structural driving
effects over the indicated period.
Values are in US$
thousands.
3.1.11 Composition of
Trade in Services - Export
3.1.12 Composition of
Trade in Services - Import
3.1.13 Evolution of FDI
3.2 Sector Trade
Performance
3.2.1 Sectoral
Diversification in Products - Export
3.2.4 Sectoral Diversification in Destinations - Import
4. Trade Strategy and
Policy
4.1 Trade and
Development Strategies
Year
Strategy name Sector
2011
ECCAS Coffee Export
Strategy
The rationale of the
strategy arises from the decrease in coffee
production...
Coffee
2011
ECCAS Cotton and Textile
Export Strategy
The strategy envisages the
creation of a competitive and integrated
value-chain, able...
Cotton, Garment Industry,
Textile Industry
2006
Diagnostic Trade
Integration Study - Chad
The study provides an
overview of the current and recent economic
performance...
Cotton, Fisheries,
Livestock, Arabic Gum,
Groundnuts
2005
UNDAF Chad 2006-2010
The UNDAF frames the UN
assistance to Chad around five strategic
axis:...
2003
Poverty Reduction
Strategy Paper - Chad 2003-2015
The PRSP provides an
overview of the recent economic situation in
Chad...
4.2 Domestic and Foreign
Market Access
Overview:
Trade Policy and Business Environment
The Republic of Chad is
classified as a low income country, which was ranked last out of 132 countries
in the World Economic
Forum (WEF) Enabling Trade
Index 2012, which measures institutions, policies and services to facilitate
trade in countries.
Over the last decade, Chad
has been faced with recurrent conflict that has led to a vulnerable and
unstable business
environment. Access to
trade finance, burdensome procedures and corruption at the borders as well as
unsuitable production
technology and skills are
the most problematic factors faced by exporters. As part of Central Africa,
where the overall
infrastructure network is
weak, the production capacities and regional trade of Chad are negatively
influenced. Yet, in 2012 GDP
growth rebounded to 7.2
per cent followed by more modest but stable growth of 4 per cent in 2013,
fuelled by strong exports in
the oil and agriculture
sectors (WTO 2011; WEF 2012; IMF 2013).
African Development
Bank, 2012, African Economic Outlook (Chad)
IMF, 2013, Statement at
the Conclusion of and IMF Mission to Chad
WEF, 2012, Global
Enabling Trade Report
WTO, 2012, Tariff
profile (Chad)
INDICATOR,
UNITS RANK/132 SCORE
Domestic Market Access The
pillar assesses the level and complexity of a country’s tariff protection
as a
result of its trade policy. This component includes the effective
trade-weighted average tariff
applied
by a country, the share of goods imported duty free and the complexity of the
tariff regime,
measured
through tariff variance, the prevalence of tariff peaks and specific tariffs,
and the number
of
distinct tariffs.
134 2.94
Foreign Market Access The
pillar assesses tariff barriers faced by a country’s exporters in destination
markets.
It includes the average tariffs faced by the country as well as the margin of
preference in
destination
markets negotiated through bilateral or regional trade agreements or granted in
the form
of
trade preferences.
51 3.06
Tariff rate (%) This
indicator is calculated as a trade-weighted average of all the applied tariff
rates,
including
preferential rates that a country applies to the rest of the world. The weights
are the trade
patterns
of the importing country’s reference group (2012 data). An applied tariff is a
customs duty
that is
levied on imports of merchandise goods.
131 14.57
Complexity of tariffs ,
index 1-7 (best) This indicator is calculated as the average of the
following
indicators:
Tariff dispersion, Specific tariffs and Number of distinct tariffs. See
description of each
individual
indicator for more details. Prior to averaging, values for each indicator were
transformed to
a 1–7
score, using the min-max method.
27 6.59
Tariffs dispersion
(standard deviation) This indicator reflects differences in tariffs across
product
categories
in a country’s tariff structure. The variance is calculated across all the
tariffs on imported
merchandise
goods, at the 6-digit level of the Harmonized Schedule.
92 9.47
Tariffs peaks (%) This
indicator is the ratio of the number of tariff lines exceeding three times the
average
domestic tariff (across all products) to the MFN (most-favoured nation) tariff
schedule. The
tariff
schedule is equal to the total number of tariff lines for each country. These
tariffs are revised on
a
yearly basis.
1 0.00
Specific tariffs (%) This
indicator is the ratio of the number of Harmonized System (HS) tariff lines,
with at
least one specific tariff, to the total number of HS tariff lines. A specific
tariff is a tariff rate
charged
on fixed amount per quantity (as opposed to ad valorem)
1 0.00
Number of distinct
tariffs This indicator reflects the number of distinct tariff rates applied
by a country
to its
imports across all sectors.
19 5.00
Share of duty-free
imports (%) Share of trade, excluding petroleum, that is imported free of
tariff
duties,
taking into account MFN tariffs and preferential agreements. Tariff data is
from 2013 or most
recent
year available and imports data is from 2012
135 0.94
Tariffs faced (%) This
indicator is calculated as the trade-weighted average of the applied tariff
rates,
including
preferential rates that the rest of the world applies to each country. The
weights are the
trade
patterns of the importing country’s reference group (2012 data). A tariff is a
customs duty that is
levied
by the destination country on imports of merchandise goods
33 5.17
Index of margin of
preference in destination markets, 0-100 (best) This indicator measures the
percentage
by which particular imports from one country are subject to lower tariffs than
the MFN
rate.
It is calculated as the average of two components: 1) the trade-weighted
average difference
between
the MFN tariff and the most advantageous preferential duty (advantage score),
and 2) the
ratio
of the advantage score to the trade-weighted average MFN tariff level. This
allows capturing
both
the absolute and the relative margin of preference.
56 35.09
Source : World
Economic Forum, Global Enabling Trade Report 2014
Trade
Policy and Market Access
Chad is a member of the
main regional economic communities: the Central African Economic and Monetary
Community
(CEMAC), the Economic
Community of Central African states (ECCAS) and the Community of Sahel-Saharan
States (CENSAD).
The overlapping of these
regional economic communities with differing levels of liberalization in their
respective domestic
markets imposes
constraints on harmonisation and alignment. Chad adopts the CEMAC common
external tariff (CET), and its
simple average MFN rate in
2013 was 18.1 per cent. However, Chad introduced few exceptions to the CET, to
which 58 percent
higher tariffs (than the
CET) are applied. Chad applies customs duty to products imported from non-CEMAC
countries with
rates ranging from 5 to 30
per cent. Despite the establishment of the free trade area among CEMAC
countries, the level of intracommunity
trade has remained low;
distortion of the CET and numerous non-tariff barriers form impediments to
trade in the
region. High non-tariff
barriers such as overtaxing of goods; random checkpoints along corridors;
highway robbers; and the poor
state of major highways
are also obstacles to intra- regional trade (African Development Bank 2011;
U.S. Department of State
2013).
WTO, 2013, Trade Policy
Review (CEMAC: Chad)
African Development
Bank, 2011, Regional Integration Strategy Paper, 2011-2015
U.S. Department of
State, 2013, Investment Climate Statement (Chad)
World Economic Forum,
2012, Global Enabling Trade Report
Standard
Compliance and Other Relevant Import/Export Restrictions
According to the WTO Trade
Policy Review, Chad does not have a legal framework for standards and technical
regulations nor
a member of international
standard organizations such as the International Standardization Organization.
As the common effort
at the regional level, the
CEMAC countries signed an agreement creating the Central African Sub-regional
Metrology
Organization and lunched
the CEMAC Regional Infrastructure-Quality Development Project (IQ-CEMAC). Chad
is drafting a law
to set up a national
metrology system within the framework of this project. Concerning sanitary and
phytosanitary (SPS)
measures, Chad is a party
to International Plant Protection Convention, the Codex Alimentarious
Commission, and the World
Organization for Animal
Health. SPS regulations are not yet harmonized within the CEMAC. However, the
Regional Food Safety
Programme has laid the
foundation for the harmonization of the rules, addressing the pesticides as one
of phytosanitary
measures. The organization
for Coordination of the Fight against Endemic Diseases in Central Africa
oversees the process of
harmonization of national
pharmaceutical policies.
WTO, 2013, Trade Policy
Review (CEMAC: Chad)
4.3 Trade Facilitation
Description
According to the World
Bank Logistics Performance Index (LPI) (2012) which measures countries’ trade
logistics efficiency, Chad
was ranked 152ndout of 155 countries. All logistics indicators are
significantly
behind the averages of low
income countries and further behind the Sub-Saharan African average
(notwithstanding
timeliness which is equal to the low income group average). Improved logistics
are proving
essential for enabling
trade. As a landlocked country, N'Djamena, the capital of Chad is 1,700km far
from the
nearest port, Douala in
Cameroon. The road network is the only viable means of transporting goods
inside the
country by accounting for
95 per cent of the transportation of goods and persons. Currently, in Chad, it
needs
72 days and costs USD
6,615 to export and 31 days and USD 2,108 to import one standard container of
goods. Compared to the
regional average (31 days and USD 2,108 for export; and 38 days and USD 2,793
for
import), trade in Chad is
more time-consuming and costly (World Bank 2013). Inland transportation and
handling is the key
obstacle to trade as it takes up approximately 75 per cent of the cost and 38
per cent of the
time. The poor road
conditions such as road density vulnerable to changing weather produces extra
transportation costs of
over 30 per cent according to government estimates, while efforts to further
integrate
infrastructure with
neighbouring countries in the region remain slow-moving. In line with the
rising awareness
of the important of
infrastructure by the government, a number of new commercial activities and
foreign
investment projects
including construction of new roads and bridges were launched in 2012 (U.S.
Investment
Climate Statement for Chad
2013).
Source: African
Development Bank, 2009, Chad Country Strategy Paper 2010-2014
African Development
Bank, 2011, Regional Integration Strategy Paper 2011-2015
World Bank, 2013, Doing
Business 2014 (Chad)
World Bank, 2012,
Logistics Performance Index (LPI)
Logistics Performance Index (LPI): Country Comparison
Source: World
Bank, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)
Note: Wolrd Bank, 2012
Logistics Performance Index – Evolution
Source: World Bank, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)Note: Wolrd Bank, 2012
4.4 Business and
Regulatory Environment
Description
The World Bank Doing
Business Report (2013) ranked Chad last out of 189 economies, with only the
indicator in getting
credit standing out as slightly better on the global scale (130th). Chadian
economy is
largely depending on
subsistence agriculture, herding and fishing. The formulation of a vibrant
business
environment is hindered by
limited public institutions and unwelcoming regulatory framework. Corruption is
so widespread in various
levels that the Transparency International ranked the 2013 Corruption
Perceptions
Index of Chad 163rd out of
177 countries. Moreover, there is a lack of confidence in the judiciary from
the
business community due to
the lack of a sound legal and judicial framework to ensure fair treatment of
lenders in legal disputes.
Complex tax structures, sluggish progress in privatising state owned
enterprises,
and the long time to start
a business (twice of the regional average) also aggravate businesses
circumstances. The country
put an effort to attract foreign investment has been made by, for example,
offering three years of
tax exemption for foreign companies establishing operations in Chad; undertook
reforms of its Investment
Code in accordance with the regulations of the CEMAC,and prepare measures to
establish an investment
and export promotion agency; and became a member of the Organization for the
Harmonization of Business
Law in Africa (OHADA), which aims to bring Chad’s business laws in line with
other African member
countries. Nevertheless, little progress took place due to the lack of
implementation
and existing and
overwhelming obstacles (U.S. Department of State 2013; IMF 2013).
Source: African
Development Bank, 2009, Chad Country Strategy Paper 2010-2014
IMF, 2013, Country
Report (Chad)
Transparency
International, 2013, Corruption Perception Index
U.S. Department of
State, 2013, Investment Climate Statement (Chad)
World Bank, 2011, Can
OHADA Increase Legal Certainty in Africa?
World Bank, 2013, Doing
Business 2014 (Chad)
The Business Environment: Doing Business
Multilateral Trade
Instruments
Abstract
The Trade Treaties Map tool is a webbased system on multilateral trade treaties and instruments designed to assist trade support institutions (TSIs) and policymakers in optimizing their country's legal framework on international trade
Instrument ratified : 55
/ 266 instruments
Ratification rate : 20.7%
Weighted score : 29.2/100
Ratification Rate Rank
Weighted Score Rank
In World : 180 /
193 178 / 193
In Region : Sub-Saharan
Africa 44/ 47 44/ 47
In Development level : Least
developed country 42/ 48 39/ 48
Graph
Presents a visual illustration breaking down a country’s ratification level according to various categories and compares it to the world average.
Instruments
ratified
Click here for a full list and more details about these
multi-lateral trade instruments
4.5 Infrastructure
The WEF Global
Competitiveness Report (2013) ranked the quality of overall infrastructure of
Chad 143rd out of 148 countries.
Chad’s insufficient
institutional, technical and personnel capacity to supplying infrastructure are
reflected in the result. For
instance, electricity
access is essentially confined to the capital whilst the Chadian
electrification rate is one of the lowest in the
world at 3.7 per cent of
the population. The average recurrence of power outages for businesses is
double of the Sub-Saharan
African region. The
density of fixed telephone lines in Chad also numbered one of the lowest in the
wold by being 0.3 per 100
populations. That of
mobile telephone subscriptions was 35.5 per 100 populations. Although there has
been the growth of
mobile phones in the CEMAC
region as a whole, the Chadian market remains dominated by two providers that
enjoy essentially
a market duopoly. With
regards to financial services, the state takes a significant and growing stake
in the banking sector
following the
nationalization of the Banque Agricole et Commerciale and an increased stake in
the Commercial Bank Tchad. The
sector is rapidly growing,
having reached a cumulative capitalization of CFAF 45 million as of 2011 (WTO
2013; WEF 2013;
African Development Bank
2013).
Indicator
Value Rank/148
Quality of overall
infrastructure How would you assess general infrastructure (e.g.,
transport,
telephony, and energy) in your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped—
among
the worst in the world; 7 = extensive and efficient—among the best in the
world]
| 2012–13 weighted average.
2.12 138
Quality of roads How
would you assess roads in your country? (1 = extremely
underdeveloped;
7 = extensive and efficient by international standards) | 2010, 2011. 2.47
126
Quality of railroad
infrastructure How would you assess the railroad system in your
country?
(1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by international
standards)
| 2010, 2011.
n/a n/a
Quality of port
infrastructure How would you assess port facilities in your country? (1 =
extremely
underdeveloped; 7 = well-developed and efficient by international
standards).
For landlocked countries, this measures the ease of access to port
facilities
and inland waterways | 2010, 2011.
2.45 134
Quality of air transport
infrastructure How would you assess passenger air transport
infrastructure
in your country? (1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and
efficient
by international standards) | 2010, 2011.
2.12 137
Individuals using
Internet (%) Internet users are people with access to the worldwide
network.
35.37 134
Mobile telephone
subscriptions/100 pop According to the World Bank, mobile cellular
telephone
subscriptions are subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service using
cellular
technology, which provides access to switched telephone technology.
Postpaid
and prepaid subscriptions are included. This can also include analogue and
digital
cellular systems but should not include non-cellular systems. Subscribers to
fixed
wireless, public mobile data services, or radio paging services are not
included.
2.10 132
Fixed broadband Internet
subscriptions/100 pop: The International Telecommunication
Union
considers broadband to be any dedicated connection to the Internet of 256
kilobits
per second or faster, in both directions. Broadband subscribers refers to the
sum of
DSL, cable modem and other broadband (for example, fiber optic, fixed
wireless,
apartment LANs, satellite connections) subscribers.
0.16 115
5. ITC and the
Country/Territory
5.1 ITC Projects
5.1.1
Current projects
Coordination of African
Regional Cotton Sector Strategies Implementation
5.1.2
Recent projects
Banker Forum (fr)
Expansion du commerce
intra et inter-regional entre les Etats Members de la CEMAC, de l'UEMOA et les
Trois Francophones
Mekong (fr)
PACT2 - ECCAS - Coffee:
Product and Market Development
PACT 2 - ECCAS Appui
juridique pour les entreprises de l'Afrique occidentale et centrale
PACT 2 - ECCAS Regional
Private Sector Apex Bodies for Public-Private Dialogue
PACT 2 - ECCAS Sector
Strategy
PACT 2 - ECCAS Market
Analysis and Sector Prioritization
ACCESS II for African
Business Women in International Trade
Expansion du commerce
intra et inter-regional pour les pays francophones du Mekong
Chad - Renforcement des
capacites nationales
5.2 Events
5.2.1
Upcoming events
No data
5.2.2
Recent events
No data
5.3 ITC Contacts
Aissatou
DIALLO
Senior
Trade Promotion Officer
+41 22 730 0284
diallo@intracen.org
Ruben
PHOOLCHUND
Chief,
Office for Africa
+41 22 730 0508
phoolchund@intracen.org
Read more
Read more
6. Trade Information
Sources and
Contacts
6.1 Trade Information
Sources
This section provides a
list of country specific print and online publications on trade-related topics,
including both ITC and
external sources.
6.1.1
ITC publications
Expansion
du commerce intra- et inter-régional entre les pays membres de la CEMAC et de
l' UEMOA: Rapport de
l'atelier
de lancement
Réseau
d'information commerciale et de gestion d'opportunités d'affaires - Mission d'évaluation
et de présentation
du
projet dans les différents points focaux de la CEMAC
Read more
Read more
Read more
Analyse
statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter- régionaux de la
CEMAC et de l'UEMOA -
Livres
scolaires, produits de l'édition et de la diffusion (résumé)
Rencontre
acheteurs/vendeurs sur le bois et ses produits dérivés
République
du Congo: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les produits alimentaires en République du Congo - examine la
structure et la capacité de
production de la branche
d'activité concernée, ainsi...
Read more
Read more
Read more
Gabon:
Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires (2006)
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les produits alimentaires au Gabon - analyse la structure de
l'offre des produits
alimentaires à travers
l'examen des caractéristiques générales de l'offre,...
République
Centrafricaine: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les produits alimentaires en République Centrafricaine - examine la
structure de la
branche d'activité
concernée notamment la capacité et les facteurs de...
Rwanda:
Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les produits alimentaires au Rwanda - décrit les principaux
produits du pays et examine la
structure de la branche
d'activité; donne le...
Read more
Read more
Read more
Tchad:
Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les produits alimentaires au Tchad - examine la structure de la
branche d'activité
concernée notamment les
capacités et les facteurs de production,...
Sénégal:
Rencontre acheteurs/vendeurs sur les livres scolaires, l'édition et la
diffusion
Expansion
du commerce intra- et inter-régional entre les pays membres de la CEMAC et de
l' UEMOA: Rapport de
l'atelier
de lancement
Read more
Read more
Read more
Tchad:
Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les produits alimentaires au Tchad - donne un aperçu du marché
tchadien et analyse la
structure de l'offre de
produits alimentaires; examine...
Analyse
statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter-régionaux de la
CEMAC et de l'UEMOA
Analyse
statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter-régionaux de la
CEMAC et de l'UEMOA: Livres
scolaires,
produits de l'édition et de la diffusion
Read more
Read more
Etude
de l'offre et de la demande sur le riz au Tchad
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur le riz au Tchad - étudie la structure de la branche d'activité
concernée (capacité de
production, activités de
recherche et développement, demande...
Tchad:
Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les livres scolaires, l'édition et la
diffusion
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les livres scolaires, l' édition et la diffusion au Tchad - examine
l'offre des produits
concernés sur le marché
tchadien dans le...
6.1.2 Selected printed
information sources
2011 Feasibility Study
for a Cotton Spinning Mill in 11 [Eleven] Sub-Saharan African Countries
2005 Accès aux marchés
des produits non-agricoles dans le cadre de l'OMC, des APEs et de AGOA : Cas de
la CEMAC
2005 Intégration
Régionale et Négociations de L'OMC sur le Commerce Des Services : Cas de
L'Afrique Centrale
2007 - Martijn, Jan
Kees; Tsangarides, Charalambos G. Trade Reform in the CEMAC : Developments and
Opportunities
2009 - Gautier D Rapport
filière gomme arabique : Région Sahel
2007 EPA Negotiations in
the Central African Region : Some Issues for Consideration
1997 Nouveau régime
fiscal et douanier: réforme fiscalo-douanière
1996 - Webster L; Fidler
P, eds. Informal Sector and Microfinance Institutions in West Africa
2006 Cotton in West
Africa : The Economic and Social Stakes
2011 Western Africa.
Cotton and Products
2010 - Meyer, N.
Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements and Technical Barriers to Trade : An
African Perspective
2007 - Baghdadli, Ilhem
Strategies for Cotton in West and Central Africa : Enhancing Competitiveness in
the 'Cotton-4'
2007 - Ramirez G;
Tsangarides C G Competitiveness in the CFA Franc Zone
2008 - Oliva, Maria A
Trade Restrictiveness in the CEMAC Region : The Case of Congo
2007 LA CEMAC et les
Négociations du Cycle de Doha : Solutions envisageables pour mitiger les effets
négatifs de la
réduction des
engagements en faveur de la zone CEMAC
2003 - Barba Navaretti G
The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Enterprises in Small Backward Economies:
The Case of Chad
and Gabon
2006 Le coton en Afrique
de l'Ouest : Un enjeu économique et social
2007 Trade Policy Review
: Chad
2007 Les négociations de
Doha Round et le tarif douanier : Evaluation pour la CEMAC
2006 Overview of the
Regional EPA Negotiations : Central Africa-EU Economic Partnership Agreement
2010 West African Cotton
Improvement Programme : Final Evaluation
2008 Rapport annuel /
Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale
2005 Étude sur le
potentiel de la filière Emballage en Afrique
2008 - Gulde, Anne
Marie; Tsangarides, Charalambos G The CFA Franc Zone : Common Currency,
Uncommon Challenges
2007 Répertoire des
opérateurs économiques du Tchad
2008 Perfil de la
Industria Paraguaya de Software
2009 Characteristics of
Malaysia's Animal Feed Market
2014 Perspectives on
Global Development 2014: Boosting Productivity to Meet the Middle-Income
Challenge
2010 Mobilizing Aid for
Trade for SPS-Related Technical Cooperation in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region
2010 Leather Garments in
the EU
2006 Overview of the
Current State of Organic Agriculture in Kenya, Uganda and the Republic of
Tanzania and the
Opportunities for
Regional Harmonization
2007 Export
Diversification and Value Addition for Human Development : Addressing the
Impact of the Agreement on Textiles
and Clothing Expiration
on Cambodia
2006 - Ruffing, Lorraine
Deepening Development Through Business Linkages
2012 OECD Economic
Surveys: Chile
2005 - Magder, D Egypt
after the Multi-Fiber Arrangement: Global Apparel and Textile Supply Chains as
a Route for Industrial
Upgrading
2006 Bangladesh:
Furniture Export Market Sector Brief
2012 Cotton
Contamination Surveys, 2001 - 2003 - 2005 - 2007 - 2009 - 2011
2006 - Boutou, Olivier
Management de la sécurité des aliments : De l'HACCP à l'ISO 22000
2006 Trading up :
Economic Perspectives on Development Issues in the Multilateral Trading System
2004 Perfiles de mercado
para productos bolivianos en los mercados de Argentina, Brasil, Chile,
Colombia, Ecuador, México,
Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay
y Venezuela
2010 Vietnam: Oilseeds
and Products
2007 Organic Farming in
the Czech Republic: 2007 Yearbook
2007 - Gibbon P; Bolwig
S Economics of Certified of Organic Farming in Tropical Africa: A Preliminary
Assessment
2006 The Relationship of
Third-party Certification (TPC) to Sanitary / Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures and
the International
Agri-Food Trade; Case
Study: Guatemala- with Emphasis on Food Safety
2007 - Ismail F
Mainstreaming Development in the WTO : Developing Countries in the Doha Round
2009 Market Report.
Focus on the Nordic Market - Fresh Fruit and Vegetables
2001 - Karlöf, Bengt
Benchlearning : Good Examples as a Lever for Development
2003 - Martin W;
Pangestu M, eds. Options for Global Trade Reform : A View from the Asia-Pacific
2010 L'industrie sri
lankaise du textile-habillement
2000 - Hauber,
Christiane Formation, Prevention & Determination of Cr (VI) in Leather
6.1.3 Selected online
information sources
Economic Community of
Central African States (ECCAS) = Communauté Economique des Etats d'Afrique
Centrale (CEEAC)
Organisation africaine
de la propriété intellectuelle = African Intellectual Property Organization
OHADA
Investir en Zone Franc
OHADA LEGIS
Communauté Economique et
Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC)
6.2 Trade Contacts
Femmes chefs
d'entreprises du Tchad P.O. Box
164, N'Djamena
+00 235515500
+0023552 5884
kls@intnet.td
www.fcem.org
Agence Agence Nationale
de Promotion des
Investiments et des
Exportations
B.P. 424
S/C MCI N'Djamena
+235 2252 52 35
+23522510333
contact@anietchad.com
http://www.anietchad.com
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