Congo

1. Country / Territory Brief

The Republic of the Congo is a country located in Sub-Saharan Africa and is currently classified as a middle-income country.

Following its independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. More

recently, despite an improved overall economic situation, Congo is still suffering from the lingering effects of the 1990s civil wars

that continue to weigh heavily on economic and social recovery. The country has also been a WTO member since 1997.

Although the country is rich in natural resources which give it a substantial comparative advantage in integrating into global

value chains, Congo’s primary role in international production networks is restricted to the export of primary inputs due to

structural obstacles. Additional untapped resources in the country include large quantities of base metal, gold, iron and

phosphate deposits.

2. People and Economy

2.1 People

3. Trade Performance

3.1 General Trade Performance

3.1.1 Evolution of Trade Ratio to GDP - Goods

3.1.2 Evolution of Trade Ratio to GDP - Services

3.1.3 Evolution of Total Trade

3.1.4 Trade Map

3.1.5 Export and Import by Leading Destination - Export

3.1.6 Export and Import by Leading Destination - Import

3.1.7 Evolution of Exports and Imports by Destination - Export

3.1.8 Evolution of Exports and Imports by Destination - Import

3.1.9 Total Export Growth

Source: ITC, calculations based on ITC’s Trade Competitiveness Map data.

Note:Graph shows decomposition of the country’s export growth in value terms by diversification pattern over the indicated

period.

3.1.10 Marginal Export Growth

Source: ITC, calculations based on ITC’s Trade Competitiveness Map data.

Note:Graph shows decomposition of the country’s export growth in value by structural driving effects over the indicated period.

Values are in US$ thousands.

3.1.11 Composition of Trade in Services - Export

3.1.12 Composition of Trade in Services - Import

3.1.13 Evolution of FDI

3.2 Sector Trade Performance

4. Trade Strategy and Policy

4.1 Trade and Development Strategies

Year Strategy name Sector

2012

Congo National Development Plan. Book 1: Growth,

Employment, and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (2012-2016

DSCERP)

The Congo National Development Plan is is composed of four

books. Book...

Petroleum and Hydrocarbons, Petroleum and

Hydrocarbons, Forestry, Wood Industry, Buildings

and...

2011

ECCAS Coffee Export Strategy

The rationale of the strategy arises from the decrease in coffee

production...

Coffee

2011

ECCAS Cotton and Textile Export Strategy

The strategy envisages the creation of a competitive and

integrated value-chain, able...

Cotton, Garment Industry, Textile Industry

2008

UNDAF Congo 2009 - 2013

The UNDAF builds on the priorities set by the PRSP and it...

2007

Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper - Congo 2008-2010

The document provides an overview of the process which led to

the...

2004

National AGOA Strategy Report for Congo Brazzaville

The document reports on the current economic situation in the

Republic of...

Petroleum Sector, Natural Gas, Coffee, cocoa -

specialty varieties only as...

4.2 Domestic and Foreign Market Access

The Republic of The Congo is classified as a lower middle income country in Central Africa. The past decade has been

characterized by strong and steady economic growth of 6 per cent per annum on average, following incessant violent conflict

and stagnation throughout the 1990s. With the economy essentially oil-based, the booming prices during the 90s served to

stabilize the economic situation. During the same period, state control increased whilst the economy lacks liberalization in key

industries. Reforms towards a market economy and transparency in the oil sector have been continuously slow, despite World

Bank/IMF pressure. The Congo has a natural infrastructure asset in the Pointe-Noire port yet road and rail networks remain in a

poor state, leaving the port under-utilized. The agriculture and manufacturing sectors would benefit from improved

infrastructure, along with electricity access and a more developed financial system. The largest challenge in front of the country

is to promote further economy diversification, to advance economic freedom, to resolve institutional weakness, and to

rehabilitate the infrastructure.

WTO, 2013, Trade Policy review (CEMAC: Congo)

Trade Policy and Market Access

The Republic of the Congo is a member of the main regional economic communities, the Central African Economic and

Monetary Community (CEMAC) and the Economic Community of Central African states (ECCAS). The overlapping of these

regional economic communities with different levels of liberalization in their respective domestic markets has created constraints

to harmonisation and alignment. The Congo, as a member of the CEMAC customs union, adopts the CEMAC common external

tariff (CET) and its simple average MFN tariff rate in 2013 was 18.1 per cent. For a large percentage of imported manufactured

goods, the tariff rates can be as high as 3 per cent plus other duties and taxes. High non-tariff barriers such as the overtaxing of

goods are major obstacles to regional trade. Despite the establishment of the free trade area among CEMAC countries, the level

of intra-community trade remains low; distortion of CET and numerous non-tariff barriers form major impediments to trade in the

region.

African Development Bank, 2011, Central Africa – Regional Integration Strategy Paper, 2011-2015

Standard Compliance and Other Relevant Import/Export Restrictions

According to the WTO, the Congo has not yet established an operational sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) enquiry point, nor

has it notified any measure (ordinary or emergency) to the WTO SPS. The Ministry responsible for health is in charge of

applying SPS measures relating to human health and food, and the Ministry responsible for agriculture is in charge of applying

SPS measures and the protection of animal health, in both cases, in collaboration with the Ministry in charge of trade. The

Congo complies with the provisions of the FAO International Plant Protection Convention, the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius,

and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). The importation and exportation of animal and plant products are subject to

prior authorization and the issue of SPS certificates. On the other hand, the Congo does not have a national regulatory

framework for standardization and quality management, or an official technical barrier to trade (TBT) entry point. The lack of the

SPS operation system and TBT measures constitute a constraint on the country’s economic integration, particularly in the

aspect of export. Therefore, the government is seeking technical assistance and capacity building to bring laws and regulations

up to international standards.

OECD, 2010, Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements and Technical Barriers to Trade: An African Perspective

4.3 Trade Facilitation

Description

According to the World Bank Logistics Performance Index (LPI) (2012) which measures countries’ trade

logistics efficiency, the Congo was ranked 149th out of 155 countries. All indicators except timeliness are

below the averages of the low income and Sub-Saharan Africa countries. This is mostly in line with the finding

of the OECD Trade Facilitation Indicator that the Congo performed better in the area of internal border agency

cooperation, whilst its performance for involvement of the trade community, advance rulings, harmonisation

and simplification of documents and automation is below the averages of Sub-Saharan African and low middle

income countries. The World Bank’s Doing Business Report (2014) also reaffirms that the Congo’s

performance in facilitating trade across border is lower than the regional average and its comparator

economies. In specific, the Congo requires more documents, more days and higher cost to export and import

than the average of Sub-Saharan African, and the procedures are proved to be lengthy and costly.

Nonetheless, local government has taken reforming measures to decrease the cost, time and number of

documents. For instance, World Bank (2014) has observed a recent implementation of prearrival processing

of ship manifests and improvements in customs administration.

Source: African Development Bank, 2011, Central Africa – Regional Integration Strategy Paper, 2011-2015

OECD, 2013, Trade Facilitation Indicators (Congo)

World Bank, 2010, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)

Logistics Performance Index (LPI): Country Comparison

Source: World Bank, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)

Logistics Performance Index – Evolution

Source: World Bank, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)

4.4 Business and Regulatory Environment

Description

The World Bank Doing Business Report (2013) ranked the Congo 185th out of 189 countries, one

position better than the previous year, yet the overall performance remain deficient. Among all

indicators, the Congo performs relatively better in the area of getting credits and resolving insolvency.

As suggested by the 2014 Index of Economic Freedom, the Congo is ranked 169th across world in

terms of its economic freedom. It is acclaimed by government to welcome foreign investment, yet the

lengthy and costly administrative processes, bureaucracy, and ineffective governmental decisionmaking

severely dampened the country’s attractiveness to foreign business (U.S. Department of State

2013). With regards to the regulatory environment, heavy state involvement in the leading economic

sectors, pervasive corruption, and lack of transparency, remained major obstacles dampening privatesector

dynamism and led to uneven economic development. The Congolese government is also

accused of being weak in judiciary and incapable of enforcing contracts.

Source: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2012, Country report (Congo)

Heritage Foundation, 2014, Economic Freedom Index (Congo

U.S. Department of State, 2013, Investment Climate Statement (Congo

World Bank, 2013, Doing Business 2014 (Congo)

World Bank, 2011, Can OHADA Increase Legal Certainty in Africa?

The Business Environment: Doing Business

Source: World Bank, Doing Business

Multilateral Trade Instruments

Abstract

The Trade Treaties

Map tool is a webbased

system on

multilateral trade

treaties and

instruments

designed to assist

trade support

institutions (TSIs)

and policymakers in

optimizing their

country's legal

framework on

international trade

Instrument ratified : 79 / 266 instruments

Ratification rate : 29.7%

Weighted score : 40.7/100

Ratification Rate Rank Weighted Score Rank

In World : 142 / 193 134 / 193

In Region : Sub-Saharan Africa 26/ 47 23/ 47

In Development level : Developing country 72/ 88 68/ 88

Graph

Presents a visual illustration breaking down a country’s ratification level according to various categories and compares it to the world average.

Instruments

ratified Click here for a full list and more details about these multi-lateral trade instruments

4.5 Infrastructure

Infrastructure is a key to the diversification of the Republic of Congo’s economy. According to the U.S. Department of State

(2013), weak infrastructure, particularly poor transportation systems, lack of broadband internet, and inconsistent electric and

water supply, stays one of the biggest hurdles for local economic development. For example, inefficiency in the power sector

creates significant hidden costs and drives power tariffs up. Power outages are frequent and 82 per cent of businesses have

generators that cover more than half of their needs at high costs. The country’s ICT sector has been developed under the sector

strategy, with an aim to become a regional ICT hub. A legal and policy framework for regulation of the telecommunication

sectors has increased competition in the country’s mobile phone sector. However, fixed telephone contracts are under the public

monopoly with low penetration, which is a constraint to raising internet penetration. The country’s road network is currently

undergoing a major paving and restoration effort including a new Pointe-Noire corridor towards the Central African Republic.

The project will help to improve transit efficiency. Financial services in the Congo are liable to the CEMAC common banking

regulations, although the issue of a lack of professionalism in the sector remains. The financial system remained

underdeveloped and is dominated by banks. In recent years, the microcredit market has been booming, resulting in the declining

influence of the traditional banking industry. The Congo has one of the leading ports in the Gulf of Guinea region with the

potential to become an ever more important hub through the massive recent investment to expand capacity, improve connecting

infrastructure and ease bureaucratic procedures.

Source: U.S. Department of State, 2013, Investment Climate Statement (Congo)

Source: African Development Bank, 2011, Promoting Private Investment in Countries of the Economic Community of Central

African States - ECCAS

African Development Bank, 2013, Quarterly Thematic Review Central Africa - Promoting Private Investment in

Countries of the Economic Community of Central African States – ECCAS

World Bank, 2011, The Republic of Congo’s Infrastructure

WTO, 2013, Trade Policy review (CEMAC: Congo)

5. ITC and the Country/Territory

5.1 ITC Projects

5.1.1 Current projects

No Current Projects Found!

5.1.2 Recent projects

Banker Forum (fr)

Expansion du commerce intra et inter-regional entre les Etats Members de la CEMAC, de l'UEMOA et les Trois Francophones

Mekong (fr)

Exploratory project on deepening and broadening ITC and CDE relationship

PACT2 - ECCAS - Coffee: Product and Market Development

ECCAS Regional trade information networks

PACT 2 - ECCAS Appui juridique pour les entreprises de l'Afrique occidentale et centrale

PACT 2 - ECCAS Regional Private Sector Apex Bodies for Public-Private Dialogue

PACT 2 - COMESA Regional Private Sector Apex Bodies for Public-Private Dialogue

PACT 2 - ECCAS Networks of National and Regional TSIs

PACT 2 - COMESA Networks of National and Regional TSIs

PACT 2 - ECCAS Sector Strategy

PACT 2 - COMESA Sector Strategy

PACT 2 - ECCAS Market Analysis and Sector Prioritization

PACT 2 - COMESA Market Analysis and Sector Prioritization

PACT 2 -ECCAS Improved Technical Capacities and RBM Operations

PACT 2 - COMESA Improved Technical Capacities and RBM Operations

ACCESS II for African Business Women in International Trade

Expansion du commerce intra et inter-regional pour les pays francophones du Mekong

5.2 Events

5.2.1 Upcoming events

No data

5.2.2 Recent events

No data

5.3 ITC Contacts

Ekutu BONZEMBA

Trade Promotion Officer

+41 22 730 0330

bonzemba@intracen.org

Ruben PHOOLCHUND

Chief, Office for Africa

+41 22 730 0508

phoolchund@intracen.org

6. Trade Information Sources and

Contacts

6.1 Trade Information Sources

This section provides a list of country specific print and online publications on trade-related topics, including both ITC and

external sources.

6.1.1 ITC publications

Congo: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur le bois et ses produits dérivés

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur le bois et ses produits dérivés au Congo - la première partie de l'étude fournit une

description détaillée des produits concernés, et...

Expansion du commerce intra- et inter-régional entre les pays membres de la CEMAC et de l' UEMOA: Rapport de

l'atelier de lancement

Congo: Rencontre acheteurs/vendeurs sur les livres scolaires, l'édition et la diffusion

Réseau d'information commerciale et de gestion d'opportunités d'affaires - Mission d'évaluation et de présentation

du projet dans les différents points focaux de la CEMAC

Analyse statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter- régionaux de la CEMAC et de l'UEMOA -

Livres scolaires, produits de l'édition et de la diffusion (résumé)

Congo: Evaluation de l'état des connaissances et de l'utilisation des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la

communication (NTIC) liées au commerce

Rencontre acheteurs/vendeurs sur le bois et ses produits dérivés

République du Congo: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires en République du Congo - examine la structure et la capacité de

production de la branche d'activité concernée, ainsi...

Indicative COMESA Customs Tariff Rates and National Rates for Zimbabwe

Document lists Zimbabwe national tariffs and COMESA tariffs side by side for all commodities on the basis of the Harmonized

Commodity Description and Coding System.

République Démocratique du Congo: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires en République Démocratique du Congo - examine la structure de

la branche d'activité concernée notamment les capacités et les...

Gabon: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires (2006)

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires au Gabon - analyse la structure de l'offre des produits

alimentaires à travers l'examen des caractéristiques générales de l'offre,...

République Centrafricaine: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires en République Centrafricaine - examine la structure de la

branche d'activité concernée notamment la capacité et les facteurs de...

Rwanda: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires au Rwanda - décrit les principaux produits du pays et examine la

structure de la branche d'activité; donne le...

Tchad: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires au Tchad - examine la structure de la branche d'activité

concernée notamment les capacités et les facteurs de production,...

Sénégal: Rencontre acheteurs/vendeurs sur les livres scolaires, l'édition et la diffusion

Market Opportunities in South Africa as a Result of the SADC Trade Protocol - Subregional Trade Expansion in

Southern Africa

Document was prepared for providing statistical up-date of trading complementarities between the South African Customs

Union (SACU), and members of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), and to capture potential...

Congo: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les livres scolaires, l'édition et la diffusion

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les livres scolaires, l' édition et la diffusion en République du Congo - examine l' offre des

produits concernés sur le marché...

Expansion du commerce intra- et inter-régional entre les pays membres de la CEMAC et de l' UEMOA: Rapport de

l'atelier de lancement

Building Markets : Regional Integration, Responding to Necessity. - Kenya

Paper presented at ITC World Export Development Forum : 'Bringing Down the Barriers - Charting a Dynamic Export

Development Agenda', Montreux, Switzerland, 8-11 October, 2007 - provides an overview of...

Congo: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires

Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires au Congo - examine les caractéristiques de l'offre et de la

demande de certains produits alimentaires tels que: animaux...

Analyse statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter-régionaux de la CEMAC et de l'UEMOA

Analyse statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter-régionaux de la CEMAC et de l'UEMOA: Livres

scolaires, produits de l'édition et de la diffusion

Etude de la demande sur le riz au Congo

Etude de la demande sur le riz au Congo - analyse le secteur de l'importation du riz dans le pays: passe en revue la taille du

marché et ses caractéristiques,...

Zambia : Quality Management for Services : An Exploratory Outline

Paper presented at ITC Executive Forum : 'Export of Services : Hype or High Potential? Implications for Strategy-Makers' ,

Montreux, Switzerland, 5-8 October, 2005 - explains how to go about...

6.1.2 Selected printed information sources

2004 The Services Sector in Southern Africa

2007 - Draper, Peter EU-Africa Trade Relations: The Political Economy of Economic Partnership Agreements

2005 Accès aux marchés des produits non-agricoles dans le cadre de l'OMC, des APEs et de AGOA : Cas de la CEMAC

2005 Intégration Régionale et Négociations de L'OMC sur le Commerce Des Services : Cas de L'Afrique Centrale

2006 - Grant C Southern Africa and the European Union: the TDCA and SADC EPA

2006 - Cadot, Olivier The Origin of Goods : Rules of Origin in Regional Trade Agreements

2003 Global Competitiveness and Regional Market Integration

2006 - Kyambalesa H; Houngnikpo M C Economic Integration and Development in Africa

2007 - Martijn, Jan Kees; Tsangarides, Charalambos G. Trade Reform in the CEMAC : Developments and Opportunities

2009 - Garrett, Nicholas; Mitchell, Harrison Trading Conflict for Development : Utilising the Trade in Minerals from Eastern

DR Congo for Development

2009 - Erasmus G Safeguards and Trade Remedies in the SADC and ESA Economic Partnership Agreements

2009 - Braeckman, Colette Les Nouveaux Prédateurs : Politique des puissances en Afrique centrale.

2008 La filière bois en Afrique centrale

2009 Regional Strategy for Cotton -to -Clothing Value Chain

2012 Policy Priorities for International Trade and Jobs

2007 EPA Negotiations in the Central African Region : Some Issues for Consideration

1997 Nouveau régime fiscal et douanier: réforme fiscalo-douanière

2006 - Sandrey R Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Resulting from SACU Trading Agreements

2003 - De la Rocha M The Cotonou Agreement and its Implications for the Regional Trade Agenda in Eastern and Southern

Africa

2010 - Kiratu S; Roy S Beyond Barriers : The Gender Implications of Trade Liberalization in Southern Africa

2010 - Bursvik E Supporting Regional Integration in East and Southern Africa : Review of Select Issues

2010 Regional Agricultural Trade for Economic Development and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa : Conceptual

Background and Fields of Action for Development Cooperation

2013 e-COMESA Newsletter

2006 - Meyn, Mareike Regional Integration and EPA configurations in Southern and Eastern Africa : What are the feasible

alternatives?

2011 ZDA Spotlight

2008 Perfil de la Industria Paraguaya de Software

2009 Characteristics of Malaysia's Animal Feed Market

2014 Perspectives on Global Development 2014: Boosting Productivity to Meet the Middle-Income Challenge

2010 Mobilizing Aid for Trade for SPS-Related Technical Cooperation in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region

2010 Leather Garments in the EU

2006 Overview of the Current State of Organic Agriculture in Kenya, Uganda and the Republic of Tanzania and the

Opportunities for Regional Harmonization

2007 Export Diversification and Value Addition for Human Development : Addressing the Impact of the Agreement on Textiles

and Clothing Expiration on Cambodia

2006 - Ruffing, Lorraine Deepening Development Through Business Linkages

2012 OECD Economic Surveys: Chile

2005 - Magder, D Egypt after the Multi-Fiber Arrangement: Global Apparel and Textile Supply Chains as a Route for Industrial

Upgrading

2006 Bangladesh: Furniture Export Market Sector Brief

2012 Cotton Contamination Surveys, 2001 - 2003 - 2005 - 2007 - 2009 - 2011

2006 - Boutou, Olivier Management de la sécurité des aliments : De l'HACCP à l'ISO 22000

2006 Trading up : Economic Perspectives on Development Issues in the Multilateral Trading System

2004 Perfiles de mercado para productos bolivianos en los mercados de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, México,

Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela

2010 Vietnam: Oilseeds and Products

2007 Organic Farming in the Czech Republic: 2007 Yearbook

2007 - Gibbon P; Bolwig S Economics of Certified of Organic Farming in Tropical Africa: A Preliminary Assessment

2006 The Relationship of Third-party Certification (TPC) to Sanitary / Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures and the International

Agri-Food Trade; Case Study: Guatemala- with Emphasis on Food Safety

2007 - Ismail F Mainstreaming Development in the WTO : Developing Countries in the Doha Round

2009 Market Report. Focus on the Nordic Market - Fresh Fruit and Vegetables

2001 - Karlöf, Bengt Benchlearning : Good Examples as a Lever for Development

2003 - Martin W; Pangestu M, eds. Options for Global Trade Reform : A View from the Asia-Pacific

2010 L'industrie sri lankaise du textile-habillement

2000 - Hauber, Christiane Formation, Prevention & Determination of Cr (VI) in Leather

2013 Economic and Business Review for Central and South-Eastern Europe

2006 - Gebreselassie Fanta, Elias Does Value Addition at Oilseed Production and/or Spreading the Gain from Export of

Oilseed Products Increase the Income of Primary Producers?

2010 - Pannier J Recueil de jurisprudence douanière (1990-2010)

2002 - Beswick R; Dunn DJ Plastics in Packaging : A RAPRA Market Report

2006 Doubling Aid : Making the Big Push Work

2006 Determining 'likeness' under the GATS : Squaring the Circle?

2014 Africa Investor

2004 Guidelines on Microfinance : Making Financial Markets Work for the Poor

2007 Libéralisation des échanges de services et développement du tourisme

2007 Offre de Emballage en Afrique de l'ouest

2008 An Overview of the Mobile Phone Banking Industry

2007 Sixth World Congress on Seafood Safety, Quality and Trade

2007 - Wood, Aileen A Comprehensive Library Staff Training Program in the Information Age

2005 - [s.n] The Science of Shrinkage Control : An Interactive Guide to Improved Shrinkage Performances

2011 Libéralisation du transport aérien en Afrique

2012 - Wollenberg E; , eds. Climate Change Mitigation and Agriculture

2009 - Novogratz J The Blue Sweater: Bridging the Gap Between Rich and Poor in an Interconnected World

2011 - Cadot O Impact Evaluation of Trade Interventions : Paving the Way

2011 - Banerjee A V; Duflo E Poor Economics : A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty

2014 Edible Nuts in Turkey

2011 Perfil de Frutas Tropicales Frescas y Procesadas en Chile

2011 Germany: Product Brief Fresh Fruits

2010 - Reilly D, Reilly A, Lewis J Towards an Australian Date Industry: An overview of the Australian domestic and

international date industries

2011 Feasibility Study for a Cotton Spinning Mill in 11 [Eleven] Sub-Saharan African Countries

2011 Foro Público de la OMC

2011 - Cooksey B The Investment and Business Environment for Export Horticulture in Northern Tanzania

2011 Potential Supply Chains in the Textiles and Clothing Sector in South Asia : An Exploratory Study

2011 - Macrory P; Stephenson S Making Trade in Services Supportive of Development in Commonwealth Small and Lowincome

Countries

2012 - Fold, Niels; Whitfield, Lindsay Developing a Palm Oil Sector: the Experiences of Malaysia and Ghana Compared

2011 Opportunities for Trade in Services of Canada

2011 - Bartels L; Goodison P EU Proposal to End Preferences of 18 African and Pacific States : An Assessment

2011 India and Latin America and the Caribbean : Opportunities and Challenges in Trade and Investment Relations

2009 Information Management Resource Kit: Web 2.0 and Social Media for Development

2013 Human Resource Management

2011 - Goswami A G; , eds. Exporting Services : A Developing Country Perspective

2011 Guides de bonnes pratiques produits phytosanitaires pour la culture des piments (Capsicum Frutescens, Capsicum

Annuum, Capsicum Chinense) et poivrons (Capsicum Annuum)

2008 Guides de bonnes pratiques phytosanitaires pour la mangue (Mangifera indica) issue de la production biologique

2010 Financial Services in Agriculture Value Chain Report : A Study of Five Kenyan Sub-Sectors namely Potato, Dairy,

Coffee, Extensive Livestock and Domestic Horticulture

2014 Human Relations

2008 Romania: Organic Agriculture

2011 A Profile of the South African Mango Market Value Chain

2008 Poland - Organic Products: Certification and Subsidies to Domestic Production

2007 - Greene, W Emergence of India's Pharmaceutical Industry and Implications for the U.S. Generic Drug Market

2007 - Liapis, Peter S. Preferential Trade Agreements : How Much Do They Benefit Developing Economies?

2007 Environment and Regional Trade Agreements

2006 Bulgaria: Organic Products

2006 Lithuania: Organic Products - Organic Farming in Lithuania

2008 Marché de la maroquinerie à Hong Kong

2007 - Warnholz, Jean-Louis Poverty Reduction for Profit? : A Critical Examination of Business Opportunities at the Bottom of

the Pyramid

2007 OECD Economic Surveys : Ukraine Economic Assessment

6.1.3 Selected online information sources

Africa Fine Coffees Association (AFCA)

Alliance for Commodity Trade in Eastern and Southern Africa (ACTESA)

COMESA Food and Agriculture Market Information System (FAMIS)

Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) = Communauté Economique des Etats d'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC)

SADC Trade Development Programme

Organisation africaine de la propriété intellectuelle = African Intellectual Property Organization

OHADA

Investir en Zone Franc

OHADA LEGIS

Non-Tariff Barriers Reporting, Monitoring and Eliminating Mechanism

Accelerated Agribusiness and Agro-Industries Development Initiative (3ADI)

Common Market For Eastern And Southern Africa (COMESA)

TradeMark Southern Africa (TMSA)

COMESA Statistical Database (COMSTAT)

Cross Border Trade Desk (CBT DESK)

Fédération des entreprises du Congo (FEC)

Organisation InterAfricaine du Café (OIAC) = InterAfrican Coffee Organization (IACO)

African Regional Organization for Standardization (ARSO)

Communauté Economique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC)

TradeAfrica.biz

Southern Africa Resource Watch (SARW)

APC Africa ICT Policy Monitor

République du Congo-Brazzaville

Leather Trade Information Portal (LMIP)

COMESA afriBUSINESS

6.2 Trade Contacts

Bu Blogda Ara

B2BGain Export and Import Support Platform

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