Malawi

 

Malawi

1. Country / Territory Brief

Malawi, an extension of the Great Rift Valley, is a landlocked country in south-eastern Africa that gained its independence in

1964. The country’s single major natural resource, agricultural land is under severe pressure from rapid population growth,

although the government's programme of fertilizer subsidies has dramatically boosted output in recent years, making Malawi a

net food exporter. Malawi has highly concentrated exports and the country's heavy reliance on tobacco places a burden on the

economy as world prices decline and the international community increases pressure to limit tobacco production.

ITC is committed to coordinating closely with other development partners to support Malawi’s export-led growth in the country

through its projects such as, Malawi: Improved Trade Statistics and Information System and Trade promotion, and Trade

promotion and value addition for African cotton. In 2012, ITC published Malawi: Company Perspectives – An ITC Series on

Non-Tariff Measures.

2. People and Economy

2.1 People

Total population

(growth rates per annum) 14,138,207 in 2012 with growth rates of 3.0% p.a during 2008-2012

Population density

(people per sq. km of

land area)

150 in 2012

Female population 50.0% in 2012

Population below 15

years of age 45.4% in 2008 ; 46.0% in 2012

Urban population 15.3% in 2012

Population living below

$1.25 a day at purchasing

power parity (PPP)

N.A

Ranking in the Human

Development Index (HDI) 170 out of 186 in 2012

Evolution of the Human Development Index (HDI)

Source: United Nations Development Programme Human Development Indicators

Note: The Human Development Index measures the overall development of a nation and ranges from 0 (low level of

development) to 1 (highest level of development). The United Nations Development Programme (http://hdr.undp.org)

provides a detailed explanation. ITC Regional group refers to ITC definition

Health Life expectancy at birth (years) (54); Mortality rate, under-5 (per thousand live births) (71) in

2012

Education Education index - expected and mean years of schooling (rank) ( 157 out of 191) in 2012

Income level GNI per capita in PPP terms (constant 2005 international $) ( ) in 2012

Inequality Inequality-adjusted HDI (rank) (112 out of 191)in 2012

Poverty Multidimensional Poverty Index (rank)( 21 out of 191) in 2012

Gender Gender inequality index (rank) (25 out of 191) in 2012

Sustainability Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) (n.a) in 2012

2.2 Economy

Added value per sector

(current US$ and % of GDP)

Agriculture 832 34.6 1,195 30.7 N.A. N.A.

Industry 419 17.4 746 19.1 N.A. N.A.

Manufacturing 240 10 494 50.2 N.A. N.A.

Services 1,151 47.9 1,956 50.2 N.A. N.A.

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)

Note: Added value is US$ terms are expressed in million, GDP US$, and

"6,976 to be read 6'976"

Evolution of GDP (constant 2005 US$)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)

Note: ITC calculations based on the World Bank WDI

Evolution of GDP per capita (constant 2005 US$)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)

Note: ITC calculations based on the World Bank WDI

Aid Dependency (Official Development Assistance/Gross National Income) 

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)

Note: ITC calculations based on the World Bank WDI. Regional group

refers to ITC definition

Remittances as a Share of GDP

Remittances as a Share of GDP

Remittance ($ millions) N.A 17 N.A

Remittance (% GDP) N.A 39 N.A

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)

Note: ITC calculations based on World Bank WDI, IMF BOP statistics,

and "6,976 to be read 6'976"

3. Trade Performance

3.1 General Trade Performance

3.1.1 Evolution of Trade Ratio to GDP - Goods

3.1.2 Evolution of Trade Ratio to GDP - Services

3.1.3 Evolution of Total Trade

3.1.4 Trade Map

3.1.5 Export and Import by Leading Destination - Export

3.1.6 Export and Import by Leading Destination - Import

3.1.7 Evolution of Exports and Imports by Destination - Export

3.1.8 Evolution of Exports and Imports by Destination - Import

3.1.9 Total Export Growth

Source: ITC, calculations based on ITC’s Trade Competitiveness Map data.

Note:Graph shows decomposition of the country’s export growth in value terms by diversification pattern over the indicated

period.

3.1.10 Marginal Export Growth

Source: ITC, calculations based on ITC’s Trade Competitiveness Map data.

Note:Graph shows decomposition of the country’s export growth in value by structural driving effects over the indicated period.

Values are in US$ thousands.

3.1.11 Composition of Trade in Services - Export

3.1.12 Composition of Trade in Services - Import

3.1.13 Evolution of FDI

3.2 Sector Trade Performance

3.2.1 Sectoral Diversification in Products - Export

3.2.2 Sectoral Diversification in Products - Import

3.2.3 Sectoral Diversification in Destinations - Export

3.2.4 Sectoral Diversification in Destinations - Import

Sectoral diversification in origin for Malawi's imports

Sector

Sector's

import

growth

in value

(% p.a)

2009-

2013

Share of top 3

supplying

countries in

sector’s imports

List of the top 3 supplying countries

2009 2013 2009 2013

Unclassified products 19.2 % 53.6 % 45.0 % Canada ; Denmark ; Pakistan Canada ; Pakistan ; China

Minerals 18.3 % 93.1 % 96.0 % Mozambique ; United Republic of

Tanzania ; South Africa

Mozambique ; South Africa ;

United Arab Emirates

Chemicals 15.4 % 51.8 % 41.7 % South Africa ; Mozambique ;

France

South Africa ; United Arab

Emirates ; India

Basic manufactures 9.7 % 64.7 % 54.7 % South Africa ; China ; Zimbabwe South Africa ; China ; United

Republic of Tanzania

Electronic components 9.4 % 70.8 % 68.1 % South Africa ; China ; United

Arab Emirates South Africa ; China ; Japan

Fresh food 9.1 % 57.5 % 64.3 % Zambia ; Mozambique ; United

States of America

Zambia ; Australia ; Russian

Federation

Non-electronic machinery 7.6 % 68.8 % 64.8 % South Africa ; India ; China South Africa ; China ; India

Leather products 6.7 % 74.2 % 79.3 % China ; South Africa ; United

Arab Emirates China ; India ; South Africa

Clothing 3.9 % 72.1 % 70.0 % China ; South Africa ; Hong Kong China ; South Africa ; India

3.2.5 Sectors by World Demand - Export

3.2.6 Sectors by World Demand - Import

3.2.7 Trade Performance Index

4. Trade Strategy and Policy

4.1 Trade and Development Strategies

Year Strategy name Sector

2011

COMESA Cotton-to-Clothing Value Chain

Strategy

The strategy is an update of the 2009

COMESA Regional Strategy for...

Cotton, Garment Industry, Textile Industry

2011

COMESA Leather Strategy

The strategy envisages transforming the

leather value-chain into a lead contributor to...

Leather Industry, Leather

2011

Southern Africa ADB Regional Integration

Strategy Paper

The document provides an overview of the

current political, economic and social...

2011

UNDAF Malawi 2012-2016

The United Nations Development Assistance

Framework (UNDAF) 2012-2016 builds on

the Malawi...

2006

Malawi Growth and Development Strategy

The document provides an overview of

Malawi's macroeconomic framework and it

outlines...

Tea, Tobacco, Sugar Industry, Cotton, Wheat

2004

Diagnostic Trade Integration Study - Malawi

The Diagnostic Trade Integration Study

(DTIS) outlines the close historical tie

between...

Tobacco, Tea, Sugar Industry, Cotton, Groundnuts, Paprika, Textile

Industry, Apparel and Clothing, Tourism

2004

Malawi Economic Growth Strategy

The strategy aims to foster economic growth

identifying key sectoral and cross-sectoral...

Tobacco, Tea, Sugar Industry, Cotton, Mining Industry,

Manufacturing, Textiles and Garments, Textiles and Garments, Agro-

Processing Industry, Tourism

2004

Malawi National Strategy for Sustainable

Development

The National Strategy for Sustainable

Development of Malawi is aligned with the...

1998

Malawi Vision 2020

The Malawi Vision 2020 envisages

transforming the country by 2020 into "a...

4.2 Domestic and Foreign Market Access

Overview: Trade Policy and Business Environment

The Republic of Malawi is classified as a low-income country. Malawi was ranked 85th out of 132 countries in the World

Economic Forum (WEF) Enabling Trade Index (2012), which measures institutions, policies and services to facilitate trade in

countries. Malawi has implemented key trade policy reforms since the new government came to power in 2012 that have helped

to improve macroeconomic health and revive the economy. This has included encouraging the FDI, addressing imbalances and

market distortions, providing for a stable government tax revenue base and promoting inclusive growth. However, the country’s

economy continues to be narrow based with agriculture and tobacco the mainstays of the economy, accounting for 60 per cent

of export earnings, highlighting the need for diversification. Malawi has a plentiful base of natural resources that remain

relatively unexploited, especially with regards to minerals which have the potential to transform the economy going forward

(African Development Bank 2013 & 2012).

WEF, 2012, Global Enabling Trade Report

INDICATOR, UNITS RANK/132 SCORE

Domestic Market Access The pillar assesses the level and complexity of a country’s tariff protection

as a result of its trade policy. This component includes the effective trade-weighted average tariff

applied by a country, the share of goods imported duty free and the complexity of the tariff regime,

measured through tariff variance, the prevalence of tariff peaks and specific tariffs, and the number

of distinct tariffs.

45 4.90

Foreign Market Access The pillar assesses tariff barriers faced by a country’s exporters in destination

markets. It includes the average tariffs faced by the country as well as the margin of preference in

destination markets negotiated through bilateral or regional trade agreements or granted in the form

of trade preferences.

11 4.08

Tariff rate (%) This indicator is calculated as a trade-weighted average of all the applied tariff rates,

including preferential rates that a country applies to the rest of the world. The weights are the trade

patterns of the importing country’s reference group (2012 data). An applied tariff is a customs duty

that is levied on imports of merchandise goods.

101 9.68

Complexity of tariffs , index 1-7 (best) This indicator is calculated as the average of the following

indicators: Tariff dispersion, Specific tariffs and Number of distinct tariffs. See description of each

individual indicator for more details. Prior to averaging, values for each indicator were transformed to

a 1–7 score, using the min-max method.

39 6.47

Tariffs dispersion (standard deviation) This indicator reflects differences in tariffs across product

categories in a country’s tariff structure. The variance is calculated across all the tariffs on imported

merchandise goods, at the 6-digit level of the Harmonized Schedule.

110 12.00

Tariffs peaks (%) This indicator is the ratio of the number of tariff lines exceeding three times the

average domestic tariff (across all products) to the MFN (most-favoured nation) tariff schedule. The

tariff schedule is equal to the total number of tariff lines for each country. These tariffs are revised on

a yearly basis.

27 0.09

Specific tariffs (%) This indicator is the ratio of the number of Harmonized System (HS) tariff lines,

with at least one specific tariff, to the total number of HS tariff lines. A specific tariff is a tariff rate

charged on fixed amount per quantity (as opposed to ad valorem)

1 0.00

Number of distinct tariffs This indicator reflects the number of distinct tariff rates applied by a country

to its imports across all sectors.

35 9.00

Share of duty-free imports (%) Share of trade, excluding petroleum, that is imported free of tariff

duties, taking into account MFN tariffs and preferential agreements. Tariff data is from 2013 or most

recent year available and imports data is from 2012

36 68.23

Tariffs faced (%) This indicator is calculated as the trade-weighted average of the applied tariff rates,

including preferential rates that the rest of the world applies to each country. The weights are the

trade patterns of the importing country’s reference group (2012 data). A tariff is a customs duty that is

levied by the destination country on imports of merchandise goods

31 5.14

Index of margin of preference in destination markets, 0-100 (best) This indicator measures the

percentage by which particular imports from one country are subject to lower tariffs than the MFN

rate. It is calculated as the average of two components: 1) the trade-weighted average difference

between the MFN tariff and the most advantageous preferential duty (advantage score), and 2) the

ratio of the advantage score to the trade-weighted average MFN tariff level. This allows capturing

both the absolute and the relative margin of preference.

4 67.61

Source : World Economic Forum, Global Enabling Trade Report 2014

Trade Policy and Market Access

Malawi has been a member of the WTO since 1995. The Malawian economy is open to trade and investment and imposes no

restrictions on foreign ownership, size of investment, source of funds, or the destination of the final product. The average MFN

applied tariff in 2012 was 12.7 per cent with agricultural imports facing higher average rate (18 per cent) and non-agricultural

imports facing slightly lower average rate (12 per cent). Malawi is a member of the regional trade agreements including the

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and Southern African Development Community (SADC). It has

aligned its common external tariffs with COMESA requirements and generally applies no customs duties to imports from

COMESA countries. The country has other preferential trade arrangements in place such as African Growth and Opportunity

Act which allows Malawian textiles and apparel for duty and quota free market access to the United States, and Everything-But-

Arms Initiative which is especially beneficial to Malawian exports of tobacco, followed by sugar and tea, duty and quota free into

the EU.

African Development Bank, 2013, Malawi Country Strategy Paper

African Economic Outlook, 2012, Malawi Country Profile

Malawi Government, 2011, Growth and Development Strategy II 2011-2016

WTO, 2012, Tariff Profile (Malawi)

WEF, 2012, Global Enabling Trade Report

WTO, 2010, Trade Policy Review (Malawi)

Standard Compliance and Other Relevant Import/Export Restrictions

The Malawi Bureau of Standards (MBS) is responsible for standards development and conformity assessment. Both the

formulation procedure for national standards and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) requirements have not much changed since

2002. This is with an exception that the Ministry of Agriculture developed an agricultural sector-wide approach, implemented

from 2008 to 2013. With respect to the issue of technical barrier to trade, most standards and technical specifications are based

on international norms or those of South Africa. With respect to SPS issue, Malawi is participating in initiatives to harmonize

SPS measures with SADC members and to adapt its National SPS Committee in accordance with SADC requirements. The

lack of testing equipment and testing facility, particularly accredited laboratories has been an obstacle to Malawi. It led only some

mandatory standards to be implemented through conformity assessment and certification procedures and made it difficult to test

products for import and export.

WTO, 2010, Trade Policy Review (Malawi)

WHO, 2012, Country Profile (Malawi)

4.3 Trade Facilitation

Description

According to the World Bank Logistics Performance Index (LPI) (2012) which measures countries’ trade

logistics efficiency, Malawi is ranked 73rd out of 155 countries with all scores above the averages of the low

income and Sub-Saharan Africa countries. On the one land, Malawi performs especially well in terms of

international shipments and timelines. According to the World Bank Doing Business Report (2013), exporting

one standard container of goods costs USD 2,175, while importing the same container costs USD 2,870.

These figures mean that Malawi conducts lower priced trade than other African landlocked countries such as

Uganda and Rwanda. On the other hand, tracking and tracing and customs remain the least developed

logistics features. As is clear from the LPI, Malawi has significantly improved in all areas of logistics measured

by the World Bank from 2007, with the most striking improvement in infrastructure. The country continued to

improve trade facilitation legislation in 2013 by improving customs clearance procedures and transport links

between the port of Beira in Mozambique and Blantyre in Malawi. This is in line with Malawi’s work to improve

customs procedures with the use of UNCTAD's Automated System for Customs Data (ASYCUDA), whilst

pre-shipment inspection was abolished in 2007 and as per the Malawian authorities, customs procedures are

in line with WTO requirements.

Source: World Bank, 2013, Doing Business 2014 (Malawi)

World Bank, 2012, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)

Logistics Performance Index (LPI): Country Comparison

Source: World Bank, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)

Note: World Bank, 2012

Logistics Performance Index – Evolution

Source: World Bank, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)

Note: World Bank, 2012

4.4 Business and Regulatory Environment

Description

The World Bank Doing Business Report (2013) ranked Malawi 171th out of 189 economies, which is a fall of

10 places on the previous year ranking. Malawi’s lower rank than the regional average in Doing Business

Report is at odds with its higher LPI index than the average. This is because some progress have been made

in logistics whereas new, more regressive policies have been undertaken in areas such as dealing with

construction permits and paying taxes. Among its 10 categories, Malawi performs relatively well in terms of

registering property and protecting investors, yet in all other areas Malawi performs unfavourably. The public

sector is not only the largest employer but also the biggest hurdle in Malawian economy. Parastatals and

state owned enterprises are main players in the energy, water, and agriculture sectors, but at the same time,

the slow, costly and inconsistent regulatory framework hampers vibrancy in the private sector. Moreover,

Malawi is open to foreign and domestic investment, receiving equal treatment and not being subjected to

state screening except for environmental, health, and national security concerns. The efforts to improve the

investment environment have been pursued with new legislation coming into force since 2012. However,

such efforts have been limited by factors such as high transportation costs, poor power and water supply,

complex bureaucracy and a lack of skilled labour. Significant preferential treatment for Malawian investors

still remains, for instance foreign nationals may have a maximum ownership level of 49 per cent in formerly

state owned firms (Bertelsmann Siftung 2014; U.S. Department of State 2013; World Bank 2013).

Source: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2014, Country Report (Malawi)

U.S. Department of State, 2013, Investment Climate Statement (Malawi)

World Bank, 2013, Doing Business 2014 (Malawi)

WTO, 2010, Trade Policy Review (Malawi)

The Business Environment: Doing Business

Source: World Bank, Doing Business

Multilateral Trade Instruments

Abstract

The Trade

Treaties Map

tool is a webbased

system

on multilateral

trade treaties

and

instruments

designed to

assist trade

support

institutions

(TSIs) and

policymakers

in optimizing

their country's

legal

framework on

international

trade

Instrument ratified : 83 / 266 instruments

Ratification rate : 31.2%

Weighted score : 41.7/100

Ratification Rate Rank Weighted Score Rank

In World : 131 / 193 126 / 193

In Region : Sub-Saharan Africa 21/ 47 19/ 47

In Development level : Least developed country 15/ 48 14/ 48

Graph

Presents a

visual

illustration

breaking down

a country’s

ratification

level

according to

various

categories

and compares

it to the world

average.

Instruments

ratified Click here for a full list and more details about these multi-lateral trade instruments

4.5 Infrastructure

The WEF Global Competitiveness Report (2013) ranked Malawi’s infrastructure 136th out of 148 countries. On the on hand,

the quality of railroads and roads are the country’s highest ranked indicators. It reflects modest policy success of having moved

to liberalize ownership of the country’s road (under COMESA initiatives) and railroad networks in an effort to increase

competition within and between modes of transport since 1999. Now, questions remain over operational performance of private

companies operating in these sectors. On the other hand, mobile phone subscriptions, fixed telephones and quality of electricity

supply were unfavourable. One of the key constraints to growth is electricity supply shortfalls with frequent outages, which have

been identified as major deterrents to potential investors and existing local industry. There has been a lack of new regulation in

the telecommunications services industry since the 1998 Communications Act. Progress has been made solely in the area of

ITC with the introduction of a National ITC Policy in 2013 aiming to ‘mainstream ICT, build public-private partnerships and

promote the further utilization of ITC in rural and urban communities’. With regards to financial services, the regulatory

environment is fragmented with non-bank financial services being under-regulated. In an effort to tackle this deficiency, in 2012

the government introduced new legislation allowing the creation of a private credit bureau and new, clearer rules with regards to

insolvency (Malawi Government 2011; WEF 2013; WTO 2010).

Source: Malawi Government, 2011, Growth and Development Strategy II 2011-2016

WEF, 2013, Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014

WTO, 2010, Trade Policy Review (Malawi)

Indicator Value Rank/148

Quality of overall infrastructure How would you assess general infrastructure (e.g.,

transport, telephony, and energy) in your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped—

among the worst in the world; 7 = extensive and efficient—among the best in the

world] | 2012–13 weighted average.

2.73 121

Quality of roads How would you assess roads in your country? (1 = extremely

underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by international standards) | 2010, 2011. 3.32 88

Quality of railroad infrastructure How would you assess the railroad system in your

country? (1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by international

standards) | 2010, 2011.

1.94 89

Quality of port infrastructure How would you assess port facilities in your country? (1 =

extremely underdeveloped; 7 = well-developed and efficient by international

standards). For landlocked countries, this measures the ease of access to port

facilities and inland waterways | 2010, 2011.

3.31 109

Quality of air transport infrastructure How would you assess passenger air transport

infrastructure in your country? (1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and

efficient by international standards) | 2010, 2011.

2.88 129

Individuals using Internet (%) Internet users are people with access to the worldwide

network. 29.21 135

Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop According to the World Bank, mobile cellular

telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service using

cellular technology, which provides access to switched telephone technology.

Postpaid and prepaid subscriptions are included. This can also include analogue and

digital cellular systems but should not include non-cellular systems. Subscribers to

fixed wireless, public mobile data services, or radio paging services are not included.

4.35 125

Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop: The International Telecommunication

Union considers broadband to be any dedicated connection to the Internet of 256

kilobits per second or faster, in both directions. Broadband subscribers refers to the

sum of DSL, cable modem and other broadband (for example, fiber optic, fixed

wireless, apartment LANs, satellite connections) subscribers.

0.01 133

Source: World Economic Forum, Global Enabling Trade Report 2014

5. ITC and the Country/Territory

5.1 ITC Projects

5.1.1 Current projects

Needs assessment and project design: Piloting the methodology and boosting the project pipeline

Trade promotion and value addition for African cotton

5.1.2 Recent projects

Project development: Malawi - trade information infrastructure and services project

Project development: Cotton to clothing: Enhancing African capacity and trade through the use of Turkish know-how

Comesa regional trade information networks

PACT 2 - COMESA Regional Private Sector Apex Bodies for Public-Private Dialogue

PACT 2 - COMESA Networks of National and Regional TSIs

PACT 2 - COMESA Sector Strategy

PACT 2 - COMESA Market Analysis and Sector Prioritization

SADC Supply chain and logistics programme - Malawi

PACT 2 - COMESA Improved Technical Capacities and RBM Operations

Non-tariff measures - increasing transparency and understanding

ITC Africa network of enterprise level trainers and advisers

Trade leaders of Africa - training in market analysis and research

ACP - Cotton sector strategy implementation

ACP - Agri-food & agri-business sector strategy implementation

ACP - Agri-food & agri-business sector strategy development

5.2 Events

5.2.1 Upcoming events

No data

5.2.2 Recent events

Improving International Trade Statistics in Malawi (workshop 3)27/10/2014-Zomba

Improving International Trade Statistics in Malawi06/05/2014-Zomba

5.3 ITC Contacts

Ramin GRANFAR

Trade Promotion Officer

+41 22 730 0318

granfar@intracen.org

Ruben PHOOLCHUND

Chief, Office for Africa

+41 22 730 0508

phoolchund@intracen.org

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6. Trade Information Sources and

Contacts

6.1 Trade Information Sources

This section provides a list of country specific print and online publications on trade-related topics, including both ITC and

external sources.

6.1.1 ITC publications

JITAP Open Doors Week : Malawi

Compendium of opening statements and presenations made by resource persons and professionals of Multilateral Trading

System, at the 'Open Door Week' organized by the Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme, Blantyre,...

Constraints to Service Sector Development in Malawi

Paper presented at ITC Executive Forum : 'Export of Services : Hype or High Potential? Implications for Strategy-Makers' ,

Montreux, Switzerland, 5-8 October, 2005 - outlines competitive disadvantages that Malawian...

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Export of Services : The Malawian Experience

Paper presented at ITC Executive Forum : 'Export of Services : Hype or High Potential? Implications for Strategy-Makers',

Montreux, Switzerland, 5-8 October, 2005 - reviews trends in Malawi's services sector;...

Malawi - Supply Survey on Textiles and Clothing

Malawi : Growing Out of Poverty : A Strategic Direction in the Agricultural Sector

Paper contributed by Malawi National Strategy Team, presented at ITC Executive Forum : 'Bringing the Poor into the Export

Process : Linkages and Strategic Implications', Berlin, Germany, 27-30 September, 2006...

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Indicative COMESA Customs Tariff Rates and National Rates for Zimbabwe

Document lists Zimbabwe national tariffs and COMESA tariffs side by side for all commodities on the basis of the Harmonized

Commodity Description and Coding System.

Trade Secrets : The Export Answer Book for Small and Medium-Sized Exporters in Malawi

Handbook customized to suit the needs of exporting enterprises in Malawi, answering most commonly asked questions related

to export process - covers market research, cultural issues, marketing, market entry methods,...

Market Opportunities in South Africa as a Result of the SADC Trade Protocol - Subregional Trade Expansion in

Southern Africa

Document was prepared for providing statistical up-date of trading complementarities between the South African Customs

Union (SACU), and members of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), and to capture potential...

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Export Promotion and the WTO : A Brief Guide

Study looking at export promotion schemes which are consistent with international rules on subsidies, and are most frequently

used by developing countries - examines the rules contained in the WTO...

Building Markets : Regional Integration, Responding to Necessity. - Kenya

Paper presented at ITC World Export Development Forum : 'Bringing Down the Barriers - Charting a Dynamic Export

Development Agenda', Montreux, Switzerland, 8-11 October, 2007 - provides an overview of...

Multilateral Trading System and the New Political Economy for Textiles and Clothing: An Introduction for Least

Developed Countries

Study focuses on the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, ATC and its implications on Least Developed Countries.

Discusses issues affecting trade in textiles and clothing, technical and marketing considerations...

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Malawi Export Promotion Programme : An Overview of Objectives, Strategies, Constraints and Opportunities

Paper contributed by Malawi National Team, presented at ITC Regional Executive Forum : 'Re-thinking Export Strategy', Nairobi,

Kenya, 26-28 November 2001 - outlines corporate objectives and the institutional framework of...

Malawi Tourism Development Strategy

Paper presented at ITC Executive Forum's 2005 Consultative Cycle on Innovations in Export Strategy : 'Building the Tourism

Mega-Cluster: What Works and What Doesn't', Kingston and Portland, Jamaica, 6-9 June,...

Malawi: Supply Survey on Emergency Items, Agricultural Products, Construction Equipment and Transport Services

for the Aid Procurement Market

Supply survey on emergency items and transport services in Malawi - analyses the structure of supplying sectors for each

category of product; reviews general characteristics of the supply for all...

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Malawi : Competitive Advantage and Business Alliances : Where Should the Focus Be ?

Paper contributed by Malawi National Team, presented at ITC Regional Executive Forum : 'Managing Competitive Advantage' ,

Muldersdrift, South Africa, 25-27 November, 2002 - deals with the importance of creating...

Malawi : Competitive Advantage and the Trade Support Network : What is 'Best Practice'?

Paper contributed by Malawi National Team, presented at ITC Regional Executive Forum : 'Managing Competitive Advantage',

Muldersdrift, South Africa, 25-27 November, 2002 - asserts that an ideal practice for Malawi's...

Malawi : Exporting Environmental Services : The Buyer's Perspective

Paper presented at ITC Executive Forum : 'Export of Services : Hype or High Potential? Implications for Strategy-Makers' ,

Montreux, Switzerland, 5-8 October, 2005 - deals with types of environmental...

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Zambia : Quality Management for Services : An Exploratory Outline

Paper presented at ITC Executive Forum : 'Export of Services : Hype or High Potential? Implications for Strategy-Makers' ,

Montreux, Switzerland, 5-8 October, 2005 - explains how to go about...

Malawi: Company Perspectives

Country report, part of a series of publications assessing the impact of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) on the business sector,

based on a large-scale survey conducted in Malawi with companies directly...

6.1.2 Selected printed information sources

2004 The Services Sector in Southern Africa

2006 - Ruffing, Lorraine Deepening Development Through Business Linkages

2007 - Draper, Peter EU-Africa Trade Relations: The Political Economy of Economic Partnership Agreements

2006 - Grant C Southern Africa and the European Union: the TDCA and SADC EPA

2006 - Cadot, Olivier The Origin of Goods : Rules of Origin in Regional Trade Agreements

2003 Global Competitiveness and Regional Market Integration

2006 - Kyambalesa H; Houngnikpo M C Economic Integration and Development in Africa

2011 - Cadot O Success and Failure of African Exporters

2009 - Erasmus G Safeguards and Trade Remedies in the SADC and ESA Economic Partnership Agreements

2009 Regional Strategy for Cotton -to -Clothing Value Chain

2012 Policy Priorities for International Trade and Jobs

2010 Trade Policy Review : Malawi

2013 Africa Competitiveness Report

2008 Malawi Products Handbook

2006 - Sandrey R Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Resulting from SACU Trading Agreements

2003 - De la Rocha M The Cotonou Agreement and its Implications for the Regional Trade Agenda in Eastern and Southern

Africa

2010 - Kiratu S; Roy S Beyond Barriers : The Gender Implications of Trade Liberalization in Southern Africa

2010 - Bursvik E Supporting Regional Integration in East and Southern Africa : Review of Select Issues

2010 Regional Agricultural Trade for Economic Development and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa : Conceptual

Background and Fields of Action for Development Cooperation

2004 Roadmap for improved horticulture export competitiveness in Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia

2013 e-COMESA Newsletter

2006 - Meyn, Mareike Regional Integration and EPA configurations in Southern and Eastern Africa : What are the feasible

alternatives?

2011 ZDA Spotlight

2007 Trade Information Brief: Aquaculture

2007 EPA Negotiations in Southern Africa : Some Issues of Concern

2008 Perfil de la Industria Paraguaya de Software

2009 Characteristics of Malaysia's Animal Feed Market

2014 Perspectives on Global Development 2014: Boosting Productivity to Meet the Middle-Income Challenge

2010 Mobilizing Aid for Trade for SPS-Related Technical Cooperation in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region

2010 Leather Garments in the EU

2006 Overview of the Current State of Organic Agriculture in Kenya, Uganda and the Republic of Tanzania and the

Opportunities for Regional Harmonization

2007 Export Diversification and Value Addition for Human Development : Addressing the Impact of the Agreement on Textiles

and Clothing Expiration on Cambodia

2006 - Ruffing, Lorraine Deepening Development Through Business Linkages

2012 OECD Economic Surveys: Chile

2005 - Magder, D Egypt after the Multi-Fiber Arrangement: Global Apparel and Textile Supply Chains as a Route for Industrial

Upgrading

2006 Bangladesh: Furniture Export Market Sector Brief

2012 Cotton Contamination Surveys, 2001 - 2003 - 2005 - 2007 - 2009 - 2011

2006 - Boutou, Olivier Management de la sécurité des aliments : De l'HACCP à l'ISO 22000

2006 Trading up : Economic Perspectives on Development Issues in the Multilateral Trading System

2004 Perfiles de mercado para productos bolivianos en los mercados de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, México,

Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela

2010 Vietnam: Oilseeds and Products

2007 Organic Farming in the Czech Republic: 2007 Yearbook

2007 - Gibbon P; Bolwig S Economics of Certified of Organic Farming in Tropical Africa: A Preliminary Assessment

2006 The Relationship of Third-party Certification (TPC) to Sanitary / Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures and the International

Agri-Food Trade; Case Study: Guatemala- with Emphasis on Food Safety

2007 - Ismail F Mainstreaming Development in the WTO : Developing Countries in the Doha Round

2009 Market Report. Focus on the Nordic Market - Fresh Fruit and Vegetables

2001 - Karlöf, Bengt Benchlearning : Good Examples as a Lever for Development

2003 - Martin W; Pangestu M, eds. Options for Global Trade Reform : A View from the Asia-Pacific

2010 L'industrie sri lankaise du textile-habillement

2000 - Hauber, Christiane Formation, Prevention & Determination of Cr (VI) in Leather

2013 Economic and Business Review for Central and South-Eastern Europe

2006 - Gebreselassie Fanta, Elias Does Value Addition at Oilseed Production and/or Spreading the Gain from Export of

Oilseed Products Increase the Income of Primary Producers?

2010 - Pannier J Recueil de jurisprudence douanière (1990-2010)

2002 - Beswick R; Dunn DJ Plastics in Packaging : A RAPRA Market Report

2006 Doubling Aid : Making the Big Push Work

2006 Determining 'likeness' under the GATS : Squaring the Circle?

2014 Africa Investor

2004 Guidelines on Microfinance : Making Financial Markets Work for the Poor

2007 Libéralisation des échanges de services et développement du tourisme

2007 Offre de Emballage en Afrique de l'ouest

2008 An Overview of the Mobile Phone Banking Industry

2007 Sixth World Congress on Seafood Safety, Quality and Trade

2007 - Wood, Aileen A Comprehensive Library Staff Training Program in the Information Age

2007 - Wood, Aileen A Comprehensive Library Staff Training Program in the Information Age

2005 - [s.n] The Science of Shrinkage Control : An Interactive Guide to Improved Shrinkage Performances

2011 Libéralisation du transport aérien en Afrique

2012 - Wollenberg E; , eds. Climate Change Mitigation and Agriculture

2009 - Novogratz J The Blue Sweater: Bridging the Gap Between Rich and Poor in an Interconnected World

2011 - Cadot O Impact Evaluation of Trade Interventions : Paving the Way

2011 - Banerjee A V; Duflo E Poor Economics : A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty

2014 Edible Nuts in Turkey

2011 Perfil de Frutas Tropicales Frescas y Procesadas en Chile

2011 Germany: Product Brief Fresh Fruits

2010 - Reilly D, Reilly A, Lewis J Towards an Australian Date Industry: An overview of the Australian domestic and

international date industries

2011 Feasibility Study for a Cotton Spinning Mill in 11 [Eleven] Sub-Saharan African Countries

2011 Foro Público de la OMC

2011 - Cooksey B The Investment and Business Environment for Export Horticulture in Northern Tanzania

2011 Potential Supply Chains in the Textiles and Clothing Sector in South Asia : An Exploratory Study

2011 - Macrory P; Stephenson S Making Trade in Services Supportive of Development in Commonwealth Small and Lowincome

Countries

2012 - Fold, Niels; Whitfield, Lindsay Developing a Palm Oil Sector: the Experiences of Malaysia and Ghana Compared

2011 Opportunities for Trade in Services of Canada

2011 - Bartels L; Goodison P EU Proposal to End Preferences of 18 African and Pacific States : An Assessment

2011 India and Latin America and the Caribbean : Opportunities and Challenges in Trade and Investment Relations

2009 Information Management Resource Kit: Web 2.0 and Social Media for Development

2013 Human Resource Management

2011 - Goswami A G; , eds. Exporting Services : A Developing Country Perspective

2011 Guides de bonnes pratiques produits phytosanitaires pour la culture des piments (Capsicum Frutescens, Capsicum

Annuum, Capsicum Chinense) et poivrons (Capsicum Annuum)

2008 Guides de bonnes pratiques phytosanitaires pour la mangue (Mangifera indica) issue de la production biologique

2010 Financial Services in Agriculture Value Chain Report : A Study of Five Kenyan Sub-Sectors namely Potato, Dairy,

Coffee, Extensive Livestock and Domestic Horticulture

2014 Human Relations

2008 Romania: Organic Agriculture

2011 A Profile of the South African Mango Market Value Chain

2008 Poland - Organic Products: Certification and Subsidies to Domestic Production

2007 - Greene, W Emergence of India's Pharmaceutical Industry and Implications for the U.S. Generic Drug Market

2007 - Liapis, Peter S. Preferential Trade Agreements : How Much Do They Benefit Developing Economies?

2007 Environment and Regional Trade Agreements

2006 Bulgaria: Organic Products

2006 Lithuania: Organic Products - Organic Farming in Lithuania

2008 Marché de la maroquinerie à Hong Kong

2007 - Warnholz, Jean-Louis Poverty Reduction for Profit? : A Critical Examination of Business Opportunities at the Bottom of

the Pyramid

2007 OECD Economic Surveys : Ukraine Economic Assessment

6.1.3 Selected online information sources

Africa Fine Coffees Association (AFCA)

Alliance for Commodity Trade in Eastern and Southern Africa (ACTESA)

COMESA Food and Agriculture Market Information System (FAMIS)

SADC Trade Development Programme

Southern African Enterprise Network (SAEN)

Non-Tariff Barriers Reporting, Monitoring and Eliminating Mechanism

Common Market For Eastern And Southern Africa (COMESA)

TradeMark Southern Africa (TMSA)

COMESA Statistical Database (COMSTAT)

Cross Border Trade Desk (CBT DESK)

Malawi Government

National statistical Office of Malawi

African Regional Organization for Standardization (ARSO)

Eastern and Southern Africa Leather Industries Association (ESALIA)

Malawi Investment Promotion Agency (MIPA)

TradeAfrica.biz

Southern Africa Resource Watch (SARW)

Malawi Confederation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry (MCCCI)

ESADA - Eastern and Southern African Dairy Association

Leather Trade Information Portal (LMIP)

COMESA afriBUSINESS

6.2 Trade Contacts

Official Name Address City Phone

Number

Fax

Number Email Website

National Smallholder Farmers'

Association of Malawi

NASFAM Regional

Office - South Limbe

+265 0 1642 354

+265 0 1642 354

nasfam@nasfam.org

www.nasfam.org

Malawi Investment Promotion

Agency

Aquarius House – First

floor

Lilongwe

3

(265) 1 770800

mipa@mipamw.org

http://www.malawi- invest.net/

Malawi Export Promotion Council Kanabar house Blantyre

+265620499

+265635429

mepco@malawi.net

htpp://www.mccci.org

Malawi Investment and Trade Centre First Floor, Aquarius

House

Lilongwe

3

+265 1 770800

+265 1 771781

bchalira@yahoo.Com

http://www.malawi- invest.net