Togo
Togo
1. Country / Territory
Brief
Togo is a least developed
country in Western Africa, bordering Benin, Burkina Faso and Ghana. Togo’s
economy depends on
both commercial and
subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for a significant share of
the labor force. Cocoa,
coffee, and cotton
generate about 40% of export earnings with cotton being the most important cash
crop for export. Togo’s
trade policy is largely
determined by regional agreements, namely with the Economic Community of West
African States and
WAEMU. Togo has been a
member of the WTO since May 1995 and grants Most Favored Nation (MFN) treatment
to all
countries. Political instability is a major
challenge in Togo related to the suppression of democratic demands.
2. People and Economy
2.1 People
Total
population
(growth
rates per annum) 5,987,491 in 2012 with growth rates of 2.6% p.a during 2008-2012
Population
density
(people
per sq. km of
land
area)
110 in 2012
Female
population 50.8% in 2012
Population
below 15
years
of age 41.9% in 2008 ; 42.3% in 2012
Urban
population 36.6% in 2012
Population
living below
$1.25 a
day at purchasing
power
parity (PPP)
n.a in 2012
Ranking
in the Human
Development
Index (HDI) 159 out of 186 in 2012
Evolution
of the Human
Development Index (HDI)
Source: United Nations
Development Programme Human Development Indicators
Note: The Human
Development Index measures the overall development of a nation and ranges from
0 (low level of
development) to 1 (highest
level of development). The United Nations Development Programme (http://hdr.undp.org)
provides a detailed
explanation. ITC Regional group refers to ITC definition
Health Life
expectancy at birth (years) (56); Mortality rate, under-5 (per thousand live
births) (95.5) in
2012
Education
Education index - expected and mean years of schooling (rank) (
141 out of 191) in 2012
Income
level GNI per capita in PPP terms (constant 2005 international $) ( )
in 2012
Inequality
Inequality-adjusted HDI (rank) (49 out of 191)in 2012
Poverty
Multidimensional Poverty Index (rank)( 71 out of 191) in 2012
Gender Gender
inequality index (rank) (99 out of 191) in 2012
Sustainability Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) (n.a) in 2012
2.2 Economy
Added value per sector (current US$ and % of GDP)
Evolution of GDP (constant 2005 US$)
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)
Note: ITC calculations
based on the World Bank WDI
Evolution ofGDP per capita (constant 2005 US$)
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)
Note: ITC calculations based on the
World Bank WDI
Aid Dependency (Official Development Assistance/Gross National Income)
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)
Note: ITC calculations based on the
World Bank WDI. Regional group
refers to ITC definition
Remittances
as a Share of GDP
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)
Note: ITC calculations based on World
Bank WDI, IMF BOP statistics, and "6,976 to be read 6'976"
3. Trade Performance
3.1 General Trade
Performance
3.1.1 Evolution of Trade Ratio to GDP - Goods20
3.1.2 Evolution of Trade Ratio to GDP - Services
3.1.3 Evolution of Total Trade
3.1.4 Trade Map
3.1.5 Export and Import by Leading Destination - Export
3.1.6 Export and Import by Leading Destination - Import
3.1.7 Evolution of Exports and Imports by Destination - Export
3.1.8 Evolution of Exports and Imports by Destination - Import
3.1.9 Total Export Growth
Source: ITC, calculations based on ITC’s Trade Competitiveness Map data.
Note:Graph shows
decomposition of the country’s export growth in value terms by diversification
pattern over the indicated
period.
3.1.10 Marginal Export Growth
Source: ITC, calculations based on ITC’s Trade Competitiveness Map data.
Note:Graph shows
decomposition of the country’s export growth in value by structural driving
effects over the indicated period.
Values are in US$
thousands.
3.1.11 Composition of
Trade in Services - Export
3.1.12 Composition of Trade in Services - Import
3.1.13 Evolution of FDI
3.2 Sector Trade Performance
3.2.1 Sectoral Diversification in Products - Export
3.2.2 Sectoral Diversification in Products - Import
3.2.3 Sectoral Diversification in Destinations - Export
3.2.4 Sectoral Diversification in Destinations - Import
3.2.5 Sectors by World Demand - Export
3.2.6 Sectors by World Demand - Import
3.2.7 Trade Performance Index
4.1 Trade and Development Strategies
Year
Strategy name Sector
2011
ECOWAS Mango Export
Strategy
The Mango Export Strategy
for the Economic Community of Western African States...
Mango
2011
Togo Country Strategy
Paper
The document provides a
broad view of the general economic context and...
2010
National Rice
Development Strategy
The strategy strategy
underlines the importance of rice in order to achieve...
Rice
2010
Reviving the Traditional
Sectors and Preparing for the
Future: an Export-Led
Growth Strategy
The study provides an
overview of the current situation of Tunisian economy,...
Phosphates, Cement and
Clinkers, Rice, Livestock, Meat, Poultry, Cereals, Oleaginous Plants,...
2010
UEMOA Cotton and Textile
Strategy
The strategy aims to
increase exports and productivity of the cotton sector...
Cotton, Garment Industry,
Textile Industry
2010
UNDAF Togo 2008 - 2012
The 2008-2012 United
Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) for Togo was reviewed...
2009
Full Poverty Reduction
Strategy Paper - Togo 2009-2011
The document provides an overview
of the achievements of the interim Poverty...
4.2 Domestic and Foreign
Market Access
The Togolese Republic,
located in the region of Sub-Saharan Africa, is classified as one of the
poorest countries in the world. Having attained the
completion point under
the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative in December 2010, Togo was
afforded debt cancellations which have
significantly reduced
its outstanding external debt to GDP ratio. Togo continues to depend on
transfers from abroad, notably development aid, for its
long-term financing.
Overall, the Togolese economy remains vulnerable to external shocks, including
weather factors and fluctuations in global
commodity prices. This
vulnerability is aggravated by the lingering effects of Togo's protracted
socio-political crisis.
WEF, 2012, Global
Enabling Trade Report
WTO, 2012, Trade policy
review (Guinea-Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire and Togo)
Trade
Policy and Market Access
Togo has been a WTO member
since May 1995. Togo’s average MFN applied tariff in 2012 was 11.9 per cent.
Agricultural
imports face higher
barriers (14.6 per cent) compared to non-agricultural imports (11.5 per cent).
Apart from the WTO, Togo is
also involved in regional
trading schemes. Particularly the West African Economic and Monetary Union
(WAEMU) and the
Economic Community of West
African States (ECOWAS) are expected to help resolve certain aspects of the
constraints linked
to the small size of its
market. Although the country has applied the WAEMU CET, which has four tariff
bands of 0 per cent, 5
per cent, 10 per cent, and
20 per cent, its tariff structure is in the process of change pursuant to the
implementation of
ECOWAS CET, which has the
fifth tariff band of 35 per cent. According to the available statistics, the
structure of Togo’s
imports has not changed
significantly since 2005. Leading imports include fuel, food products,
materials and equipment,
vehicles, clinker and
medicines. The European Union is still the main source of merchandise imports
followed by China,
Thailand and Côte
d'Ivoire. Togo exports goods primarily to Africa, especially Burkina Faso,
Benin, Niger, Ghana and Nigeria.
The strong regional focus
displayed by Togo's exports appears to be attributable, in part, to the
strength of transit trade.
WTO, 2012, Tariff
profile (Togo)
Standard
Compliance and Other Relevant Import/Export Restrictions
Togo has not notified the
WTO of any sanitary or phytosanitary (SPS) measures. The Ministry of
Agriculture, Livestock and
Fisheries (MAEP) is the
authority responsible for animal health, phytosanitary protection and the
quality of agricultural whilst
The Ministry of Health
responsible for sanitary protection, hygiene and basic sanitation. Togo is yet
to initiate a national SPS
committee, whilst the
government seeks to control products of animal or plant origin released for
consumption on the domestic
market. So far, Togo has
not yet established its technical barrier to trade (TBT) enquiry point, and it
has initiated two
notifications to WTO TBT
committee regarding safety and environmental protection respectively. A
structured national
framework has been adopted
in 2009 to govern standardization, approval, certification, accreditation, metrology,
the
environment and promotion
of quality. Yet, Togo’s domestic practice in standardization is constrained by
its technical and
financial capacity,
resulting in a lack of control and national standard. More technical and
financial assistance is in need in order
to support Togo’s further
compliance with international standard.
WTO, 2012, Trade Policy
Review (Guinea-Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire and Togo)
WTO, accessed in 2014,
TBT Information Management System
4.3 Trade Facilitation
Description
According to the World
Bank Logistics Performance Index (LPI) (2012), Togo’s overall performance is
better
than that of other
low-income and Sub-Saharan Africa countries. However, over the years from 2007
and
2012, the country’s
performance has been unstable with ups and downs in different factors, with a
slight
decrease in overall
performance in 2012. The country’s logistics competitiveness lies in
international shipment
and timeliness. These are
reflected in the World Bank Doing Business Report (2013). It states that
exporting
one standard container of
goods takes less time and cost in Togo (24 days and USD 1,015) than the
regional
average (31 days and USD
2,108) and so does importing the same container in Togo (29 days and USD
1.190) compared to the
regional average of (38 days and USD 2,793). However, the recent reform which
grants to a private
company monopoly control of all port activities at the port of Lomé makes
trading across
borders more difficult.
Source: World
Bank, 2012, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)
WTO, 2012, Trade Policy
Review (Guinea-Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire and Togo)
Logistics Performance Index (LPI): Country Comparison
Source: World Bank, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)
Note: Source: World Bank,
2012
Logistics Performance Index – Evolution
Source: World Bank, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)
Note: Source: World Bank,
2012
4.4 Business and
Regulatory Environment
Description
According to the World
Bank Doing Business Report (2013), Togo ranked 157th out of 189 economies.
Togo’s business
environment is largely agriculture-focused and informal. Both subsistence and
smallscale
commercial farming employ
65 per cent of the country’s labor force and the informal sector
prevails as it covers more
than three times of employment in the formal sector. The main obstacles for
Togolese businesses are
the access to finance and the political instability. In order to help getting
credit,
Togo continues to increase
its openness to foreign investment but its political and administrative
operating environment is
not very investment-friendly. For example, in 2012, it adopted a new investment
code that promises equal
treatment of domestic and foreign investors. However, investment is permitted
only in certain sectors
under the condition of having minimum value. Also, the rule of screening the
investment case-by-case
leaves a place for corruption, increasing the high informal cost while
decreasing transparency.
Moreover, the lack of regulatory flexibility in the labor market adds the
burden
to business, discouraging
start-ups, despite the several reforms to ease starting a new business after
2010.
Source: Bertelsmann
Stiftung, 2014, Country Report (Togo)
World Bank, 2014, Doing
Business (Togo)
The Business Environment: Doing Business
Source: World Bank, Doing Business
Multilateral Trade Instruments
Abstract
The Trade Treaties Map tool
is a web-based system on multilateral trade treaties and instruments designed
to assist trade support institutions (TSIs) and policymakers in optimizing
their country's legal framework on international trade
Instrument ratified : 99
/ 266 instruments
Ratification rate : 37.2%
Weighted score : 47.4/100
Ratification Rate Rank
Weighted Score Rank
In World : 87 /
193 98 / 193
In Region : Sub-Saharan
Africa 9/ 47 11/ 47
In Development level : Least
developed country 4/ 48 5/ 48
Graph
Presents a visual İllustration breaking down a country’s ratification level according to various categories and compares it to the world average.
Instruments ratified Click here for a full list and more details about these multi-lateral trade instruments
4.5 Infrastructure
Togo plays an important
role in the Sub-Saharan African region’s transit trade. Togo has not only the
Autonomous Port of Lomé
(PAL) but also two
international airports (Gnassingbé Eyadéma International Airport (AIGE). The
PAL covers the majority of
international maritime
transport services and handles some 80 per cent of trade, as it is one of the
few ports that can take large
oil tankers and grain
ships, and with warehouse facilities. However, considering that Togo has a soil
rich in minerals, the
infrastructure needed to
exploit these assets to the fullest, in particular the road and rail networks,
is not adequate for the task.
Togo’s telecommunication
sector suffers from a lack of competition that has resulted in high costs and
problems of quality.
According to the
International Telecommunication Union, the number of fixed telephone
subscription was 0.93 per 100
populations and the number
for mobile telephone was 49.86 per 100 populations in 2012. Also, international
telephony rates,
which affect businesses,
are particularly high in comparison with other West African countries, even
though charges have
recently fallen sharply.
With respect to the banking sector, one of the four state-owned banks was sold
to Benin-based Orabank
in 2012 and foreign banks
have gradually built their presence. Additionally, the microfinance system and
traditional loan
schemes called “tontines”
play an important role for small-and medium-sized industries.
5. ITC and the
Country/Territory
5.1 ITC Projects
5.1.1
Current projects
Coordination of African
Regional Cotton Sector Strategies Implementation
Trade promotion and
value addition for African cotton
5.1.2
Recent projects
Banker Forum (fr)
Expansion du commerce
intra et inter-regional entre les Etats Members de la CEMAC, de l'UEMOA et les
Trois Francophones
Mekong (fr)
IA81 - PACT2 - Design of
ECOWAS-TEN network of trade experts
Strengthening the
pineapple export value chain in selected West African countires
ECOWAS Regional trade
information networks
PACT 2 - ECOWAS Regional
Private Sector Apex Bodies for Public-Private Dialogue
PACT 2 - ECOWAS Networks
of National and Regional TSIs
PACT 2 - ECOWAS Sector
Strategy
PACT 2 - ECOWAS Market
Analysis and Sector Prioritization
PACT 2 - ECOWAS Improved
Technical Capacities and RBM Operations
Strengthening the
pineapple export value chain in selected West African countries
ACP - Cotton sector
strategy implementation
ACP - Agri-food &
agri-business sector strategy implementation
5.2 Events
5.2.1
Upcoming events
No data
5.2.2
Recent events
No data
5.3 ITC Contacts
Ekutu
BONZEMBA
Trade
Promotion Officer
+41 22 730 0330
bonzemba@intracen.org
Ruben
PHOOLCHUND
Chief,
Office for Africa
+41 22 730 0508
6. Trade Information
Sources and
Contacts
6.1 Trade Information
Sources
This section provides a
list of country specific print and online publications on trade-related topics,
including both ITC and
external sources.
6.1.1
ITC publications
Expansion
du commerce intra- et inter-régional entre les pays membres de la CEMAC et de
l' UEMOA: Rapport de
l'atelier
de lancement
Read more
Réseau
d'information commerciale et de gestion d'opportunités d'affaires - Mission
d'évaluation et de présentation
du
projet dans les différents points focaux de l'UEMOA
Read more
Togo:
Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur le bois et ses produits dérivés
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur le bois et ses produits dérivés au Togo - la première partie de
l'étude est consacrée à
l'analyse des branches
d'activité concernées...
Analyse
statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter- régionaux de la
CEMAC et de l'UEMOA -
Livres
scolaires, produits de l'édition et de la diffusion (résumé)
Togo:
Evaluation de l'état des connaissances et de l'utilisation des nouvelles
technologies de l'information et de la
communication
(NTIC) liées au commerce
Read more
Rencontre
acheteurs/vendeurs sur le bois et ses produits dérivés
Togo:
Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les textiles et l'habillement
Etude de l'offre et la
demande de textiles et habillement au Togo - dans la première partie consacrée
à l'offre, l'étude fournit une
description des produits
couverts et examine la...
Sénégal: Rencontre acheteurs/vendeurs sur les livres scolaires, l'édition et la diffusion
Read more
Expansion
du commerce intra- et inter-régional entre les pays membres de la CEMAC et de
l' UEMOA: Rapport de
l'atelier
de lancement
Stratégie
révisée de mise en oeuvre de l'agenda pour la competitivié de la filière
coton-textile dans l'UEMOA 2011-
2020
Document traitant de la
stratégie révisée pour la mise en oeuvre de l'agenda pour la competitivié de la
filière coton-textile dans
les pays de l'UEMOA -
présente les objectifs opérationnels...
Togo:
Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les produits alimentaires au Togo - identifie les produits
alimentaires présentant un
potentiel d'exportation à
travers l'analyse du secteur agricole du pays...
Read more
Analyse
statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter-régionaux de la
CEMAC et de l'UEMOA
Analyse
statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter-régionaux de la
CEMAC et de l'UEMOA: Livres
scolaires,
produits de l'édition et de la diffusion
Togo:
Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les livres scolaires, l'édition et la
diffusion
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les livres scolaires, l' édition et la diffusion au Togo - examine
l'offre des produits
concernés sur le marché
togolais dans le...
Read more
Etude
de la demande sur le riz au Togo
Etude de la demande sur le
riz au Togo - analyse le secteur de l'importation du riz dans le pays: passe en
revue la taille du
marché et ses
caractéristiques,...
Gestion
des coopératives d’ananas: Bénin et Togo
Ce guide s'adresse aux
administrateurs des coopératives à vocation commerciale et constitue un outil
de base pour une bonne
gestion pratique de leurs
structures. La gestion des coopératives est abordée...
6.1.2 Selected printed
information sources
2007 SPS Capacity in
Liberia
2007 SPS Synthesis
Report : Summary of SPS and Food Safety Performance of Non-UEMOA Countries in
West Africa
2006 SPS Capacity in
Guinea
2009 Rapport annuel /
Banque centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
2006 - Kyambalesa H;
Houngnikpo M C Economic Integration and Development in Africa
2003 Etude d'identification
et de promotion d'unités industrielles régionales dans la filière coton de
l'UEMOA: Rapport final
2001 Recueil des textes
officiels de l'UEMOA relatifs aux finances publiques des pays de la zone
2003 Etude visant
l'élimination ou l'atténuation des effets des distorsions subies par les pays
de l'UEMOA sur le marché
international du coton
fibre causées par les subventions pratiquées par les pays développés
producteurs de coton, notamment
les Etats-Unis
d'Amérique et les pays de l'Union Européenne
2006 West African
Financial Flows and Opportunities for People and Small Businesses
2007 Cashew Marketing
and Consumption in West Africa : Current Status and Opportunities
2006 Cotton in West
Africa : The Economic and Social Stakes
2008 - D'Alessandro S
Evaluation sous-régionale de la chaîne de valeurs oignon/échalote en Afrique de
l'Ouest
2006 Manuel qualité pour
les filières cotonnières UEMOA
2006 - Sy, Amadou N R
Financial Integration in the West African Economic and Monetary Union
1986 Traité instituant
la Communauté économique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et protocoles annexes. - Mis à
jour
2006 EPA Negotiations,
West Africa : Executive Brief
2006 - Alaba, Olumuyiwa
B EU-ECOWAS EPA : Regional Integration, Trade Facilitation and Development in
West Africa
2006 SPS Capacity in
Sierra Leone
2009 - Twerefou D K
Mineral Exploitation, Environmental Sustainability and Sustainable Development
in EAC, SADC and
ECOWAS Regions
2006 Overview of the
Regional EPA Negotiations : West Africa-EU Economic Partnership Agreement
2003 Organic and
Like-Minded Movements in Africa
2007 - Ramirez G;
Tsangarides C G Competitiveness in the CFA Franc Zone
2006 Le coton en Afrique
de l'Ouest : Un enjeu économique et social
2010 - Rolland JP; Alpha
A Etude sur la cohérence des politiques commerciales en Afrique de l'Ouest
2011 - Rolland J P;
Alpha A Analyse de la cohérence des politiques commerciales en Afrique de
l'Ouest
2008 Perfil de la
Industria Paraguaya de Software
2009 Characteristics of
Malaysia's Animal Feed Market
2014 Perspectives on
Global Development 2014: Boosting Productivity to Meet the Middle-Income
Challenge
2010 Mobilizing Aid for
Trade for SPS-Related Technical Cooperation in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region
2010 Leather Garments in
the EU
2006 Overview of the
Current State of Organic Agriculture in Kenya, Uganda and the Republic of
Tanzania and the
Opportunities for
Regional Harmonization
2007 Export
Diversification and Value Addition for Human Development : Addressing the
Impact of the Agreement on Textiles
and Clothing Expiration
on Cambodia
2006 - Ruffing, Lorraine
Deepening Development Through Business Linkages
2012 OECD Economic
Surveys: Chile
2005 - Magder, D Egypt
after the Multi-Fiber Arrangement: Global Apparel and Textile Supply Chains as a
Route for Industrial
Upgrading
2006 Bangladesh:
Furniture Export Market Sector Brief
2012 Cotton
Contamination Surveys, 2001 - 2003 - 2005 - 2007 - 2009 - 2011
2006 - Boutou, Olivier
Management de la sécurité des aliments : De l'HACCP à l'ISO 22000
2006 Trading up :
Economic Perspectives on Development Issues in the Multilateral Trading System
2004 Perfiles de mercado
para productos bolivianos en los mercados de Argentina, Brasil, Chile,
Colombia, Ecuador, México,
Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay
y Venezuela
2010 Vietnam: Oilseeds
and Products
2007 Organic Farming in
the Czech Republic: 2007 Yearbook
2007 - Gibbon P; Bolwig
S Economics of Certified of Organic Farming in Tropical Africa: A Preliminary
Assessment
2006 The Relationship of
Third-party Certification (TPC) to Sanitary / Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures and
the International
Agri-Food Trade; Case
Study: Guatemala- with Emphasis on Food Safety
2007 - Ismail F
Mainstreaming Development in the WTO : Developing Countries in the Doha Round
2009 Market Report.
Focus on the Nordic Market - Fresh Fruit and Vegetables
2001 - Karlöf, Bengt
Benchlearning : Good Examples as a Lever for Development
2003 - Martin W;
Pangestu M, eds. Options for Global Trade Reform : A View from the Asia-Pacific
2010 L'industrie sri
lankaise du textile-habillement
2000 - Hauber,
Christiane Formation, Prevention & Determination of Cr (VI) in Leather
6.1.3 Selected online
information sources
Economic Community of
West African States (ECOWAS) = Communauté économique des Etats de l'Afrique de
l'Ouest
(CEDEAO)
Organisation africaine
de la propriété intellectuelle = African Intellectual Property Organization
APE - CEDEAO
ESOKO
OHADA
ECOWAS Press Releases
Investir en Zone Franc
OHADA LEGIS
Réseau des Systèmes
d'Information des Marchés en Afrique de l'Ouest
West African Monetary
Institute = Institut monétaire de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
African Regional
Organization for Standardization (ARSO)
Portail d'information de
la République togolaise
6.2 Trade Contacts
Chambre de commerce et d'industrie du
Togo
Angle Avenue de
la Présidence/ Lome +228
2212065/00228 2217065
+2282214730
ccit@rdd.tg
www.ccit.tg
Syndicat des Commerçants
Industriels,
Importateurs et
Exportateurs du Togo
60, Boulevard du
Mono Lome +228 22 21 0830
+228 2221 71 11
cnp_togo@yahoo.fr
http://www.cnptogo.tg
Yorumlar