Central African Republic
Central African Republic
1. Country / Territory
Brief
IThe Central African
Republic (CAR) is a landlocked country in central Africa with the highest
poverty rate in the world. Although
CAR possesses abundant
natural resources, they are under-exploited, with exports concentrated on wood
and diamonds and
subsistence agriculture
accounting for almost one third of GDP. The political situation in CAR has been
unstable since its
independence from France
in 1960 due to repeated conflicts within the sub-region itself as well as
frequent political unrest in
the country. In 2013, a
major security and humanitarian crisis engulfed the country.
2. People and Economy
2.1 People
3. Trade Performance
3.1 General Trade
Performance
3.1.1 Evolution of Trade
Ratio to GDP - Goods
3.1.2 Evolution of Trade
Ratio to GDP - Services
3.1.3 Evolution of Total
Trade
3.1.4 Trade Map
3.1.5 Export and Import
by Leading Destination - Export
3.1.6 Export and Import
by Leading Destination - Import
3.1.7 Evolution of
Exports and Imports by Destination - Export
3.1.9 Total Export
Growth
Source: ITC,
calculations based on ITC’s Trade Competitiveness Map data.
Note:Graph shows
decomposition of the country’s export growth in value terms by diversification
pattern over the indicated
period.
3.1.10 Marginal Export Growth
Source: ITC,
calculations based on ITC’s Trade Competitiveness Map data.
Note:Graph shows
decomposition of the country’s export growth in value by structural driving
effects over the indicated period.
Values are in US$
thousands.
3.1.11 Composition of
Trade in Services - Export
3.1.12 Composition of
Trade in Services - Import
3.1.13 Evolution of FDI
3.2 Sector Trade
Performance
3.2.1 Sectoral Diversification in Products - Export
3.2.2 Sectoral Diversification in Products - Import
3.2.3 Sectoral
Diversification in Destinations - Export
3.2.4 Sectoral
Diversification in Destinations - Import
3.2.5 Sectors by World
Demand - Export
3.2.6 Sectors by World
Demand - Import
3.2.7 Trade Performance Index
4. Trade Strategy and
Policy
4.1 Trade and
Development Strategies
Year
Strategy name Sector
2011
ECCAS Coffee Export
Strategy
The rationale of the
strategy arises from the decrease in coffee
production...
Coffee
2011
ECCAS Cotton and Textile
Export Strategy
The strategy envisages the
creation of a competitive and integrated valuechain,
able...
Cotton, Garment Industry,
Textile Industry
2011
UNDAF Central African
Republic 2012-2016
The UNDAF is alligned with
the PRSP and it focuses on the...
2007
Diagnostic Trade
Integration Study - Central African Republic
The DTIS analyses current
Central African Republic's economic situation
with focus on...
Mining Industry, Cotton,
Coffee, Forestry,
Tourism
2007
Poverty Reduction
Strategy Paper - Central African Republic 2008-2010
The strategy provides an
overview of the current social and economic
situation...
4.2 Domestic and Foreign
Market Access
The Central African
Republic is classified as a low income country. As a fragile post-conflict
state, the CAR has been exposed to
a delicate political and
security situation for more than a decade. The country has faced difficulty in
transforming the economy,
which has led to a highly
vulnerable business climate and basic infrastructure deficit. Also, poor
transport infrastructure has
severely affected the
CAR’s intra-regional trade. A primarily rural and agrarian economy with foreign
trade dependant on the
extractive industries, the
CAR is especially vulnerable to changing climate conditions and global demand
for diamonds and
wood; and for this reason
suffered a contraction in GDP contribution of the industrial sector to 13.1 per
cent in 2011.
African Development
Bank, 2013, African Economic Outlook (Central African Republic)
Trade
Policy and Market Access
The CAR has been a founder
member of the WTO since 1995. Within the multilateral trading system, the CAR
bounded 62.3
per cent of tariff lines.
The average MFN applied tariff in 2011 was 17.8 per cent with agricultural
products facing higher rates
(21.9 per cent) and
non-agricultural products facing slightly lower rates (17.2 per cent). The
country is also a member of
regional economic
communities including; the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC),
the Economic
Community of Central
African States (ECCAS) and the Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD). The
overlapping of
these regional markets has
created constraints to harmonisation and alignment of trade policy. The CAR
applies CEMAC’s
common external tariff
(CET), which is 18.1 per cent on simple average in 2013 and grants tariff
preferences to imports
originating in the other
CEMAN countries. Despite the establishment of the free trade area among CEMAC
countries, the level
of intra-community trade
has remained low; distortion of the CET and numerous non-tariff barriers form
impediments to trade in
the region. High
non-tariff barriers such as overtaxing of goods; random checkpoints along
corridors; highway robbers; and the
poor state of major
highways are obstacles to regional trade (African Development Bank 2013).
African Development
Bank, 2011, Central Africa – Regional Integration Strategy Paper, 2011-2015
Standard
Compliance and Other Relevant Import/Export Restrictions
According to the WTO Trade
Policy Review, the CAR has neither national regulatory framework on
standardization and quality
management, including
national standards, nor is a member of the International Standardization
Organization. The country is
creating the institution authorized
to adopt international standards and formulate national standards. As the
common effort at the
regional level, the
countries signed an agreement creating the Central African Sub-regional
Metrology Organization and lunched
the CEMAC Regional Infrastructure-Quality
Development Project (IQ-CEMAC). Concerning sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS)
measures, The CAR complies
with International Plant Protection Convention, the Codex Alimentarious
Commission, and the
World Organization for
Animal Health. It checks the implementation of SPS regulations through relevant
Directorate and Code.
However, the lack of an
operational SPS system and the inadequate infrastructure hamper the development
of trade and the
quality of local products.
At the regional level, the Regional Food Safety Programme has laid the
foundation for the
harmonization of the
rules, addressing the pesticides as one of phytosanitary measures. The
organization for Coordination of
the Fight against Endemic
Diseases in Central Africa oversees the process of harmonization of national
pharmaceutical policies.
WTO, 2013, Trade Policy
Review (CEMAC: CAR)
4.3 Trade Facilitation
Description
According to the World
Bank Logistics Performance Index (LPI) which measures countries’ trade
logistics
efficiency, the CAR was
ranked 98thout of 155 countries. Indices for infrastructure and international
shipments are behind the
regional average indices of Sub-Saharan African countries, whereas indices for
the
rest were higher than
those countries.Transport costs in Central Africa are among the highest on the
African
continent while for the
CAR which is a landlocked country, transit costs account for 33 per cent of
export
value. The waiting period
can take up to 80 per cent of the total delivery time for merchandise from the
CAR,
compared to 20 per cent in
East Asia, which significantly raises transit costs. The time-consuming and
costly
features are confirmed by
the World Bank Doing Business Report (2013) that finds: exporting one standard
container of goods takes
46 days and costs USD 5,490. Importing the same container of goods takes 46
days
and costs USD 5,555. The
country has adopted the regional integration strategy and committed to promote
regional trade
facilitation and the consultation process was revived in 2012 for the
institutions affected by
traffic strain in the
corridor between Bangui in the CAR and Douala in Cameroon (WTO 2013).
Source: African
Development Bank, 2011, Central Africa – Regional Integration Strategy Paper,
2011-2015
African Development
Bank, 2013, African Economic Outlook (Central African Republic)
WTO, 2013, Trade Policy
Review (CEMAC: CAR)
World Bank, 2012,
Logistics Performance Index (LPI)
Logistics Performance Index (LPI): Country Comparison
Source: World
Bank, Logistics Performance Index (LPI)
Note: World Bank, 2012
4.4 Business and
Regulatory Environment
Description
The World Bank Doing
Business report (2013) ranked the CAR 188th out of 189 economies, an increase
of one position from the
previous year. The CAR’s performance in all the 10 categories was below the
regional average of
Sub-Saharan Africa. . The economy is widely liberalized with no screening of
foreign
investment and all
economic sectors remain open to foreign investment. Yet political instability
and
widespread corruption have
discouraged significant investment and affected government procurement,
dispute settlement and
taxation. Majority of business environment reforms have been deficient or even
regressive such as
construction permits becoming more expensive. However, the CAR passed a
regulation to allow banks
to access declaring and retrieving information on-line from the public registry
as
well as one that broadened
the range of assets that can be used as collateral – these improvements are
reflected in the
comparably higher ranking for getting credit to other categories. The country
is a member
of the Organization for
the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA), which has brought Central
African Republic’s
business laws in line with other African member countries; however,
implementation
challenges remain (World
Bank 2013; U.S. Department of State 2012).
Source: U.S.
Department of State, 2012, Investment Climate Statement (CAR)
World Bank, 2013, Doing
Business 2014 (CAR)
The Business Environment: Doing Business
Source: World
Bank, Doing Business
Multilateral Trade
Instruments
Abstract
The Trade Treaties Map tool is a webbased system on multilateral trade treaties and instruments designed to assist trade support institutions (TSIs) and policymakers in optimizing their country's legal framework on international trade
Instrument ratified : 64
/ 266 instruments
Ratification rate : 24.1%
Weighted score : 33.4/100
Ratification Rate Rank
Weighted Score Rank
In World : 166 /
193 161 / 193
In Region : Sub-Saharan
Africa 38/ 47 36/ 47
In Development level : Least
developed country 32/ 48 29/ 48
Graph
Presents a visual illustration breaking down a country’s ratification level according to various categories and compares it to the world average.
Instruments
ratified
Click here for a full list and more details about these
multi-lateral trade instruments
4.5 Infrastructure
The state of
infrastructure is extremely poor in the CAR. Basic services including
electricity, telecommunication and banking are
frequently lacking if not
absent completely beyond the capital city, Bangui. For example, only 8 per cent
of the population living in
urban areas have access to
electricity. The low rate of penetration is mainly due to the lack of
infrastructure and competition.
Important reforms in the
energy sectors banks have been implemented including liberalizing policies,
however, as of today the
electricity sector is
still monopolised by a single operator, which produces, distributes, and
markets electricity throughout the
country. Moreover, the
telecommunication sector is operated by the state owned service provider of
fixed telephone and internet,
the Société centrafricaine
des telecommunications (SOCATEL), and several service providers of mobile
telephone. Teledensity
is very low and despite
exponential growth in mobile telephone subscribers, the system for mobile
communications only covers
the capital. The banking
sector also has oligopolistic market structure where only four commercial banks
from the most
important urban centers
(Bangui, Bambari). The market is poorly differentiated and offers scant
opportunities for domestic
investors.
Source: African
Development Bank, 2011, Promoting Private Investment in Countries of the
Economic Community of Central African States - ECCAS
Source: Bertelsmann
Stiftung, 2014, Central African Republic Country Report
World Bank, 2011, The Central
African Republic’s Infrastructure
WTO, 2013, Trade Policy
Review (CEMAC: CAR)
5. ITC and the
Country/Territory
5.1 ITC Projects
5.1.1
Current projects
Coordination of African
Regional Cotton Sector Strategies Implementation
5.1.2
Recent projects
Banker Forum (fr)
Expansion du commerce
intra et inter-regional entre les Etats Members de la CEMAC, de l'UEMOA et les
Trois Francophones
Mekong (fr)
PACT2 - ECCAS - Coffee:
Product and Market Development
ECCAS Regional trade
information networks
PACT 2 - ECCAS Regional
Private Sector Apex Bodies for Public-Private Dialogue
PACT 2 - ECCAS Sector
Strategy
PACT 2 - ECCAS Market
Analysis and Sector Prioritization
PACT 2 -ECCAS Improved
Technical Capacities and RBM Operations
ACP - Cotton sector
strategy implementation
Expansion du commerce
intra et inter-regional pour les pays francophones du Mekong
RCA - Diagnostic du
potential d'exportation
5.2 Events
5.2.1
Upcoming events
No data
5.2.2
Recent events
No data
5.3 ITC Contacts
Ekutu
BONZEMBA
Trade
Promotion Officer
+41 22 730 0330
bonzemba@intracen.org
Ruben
PHOOLCHUND
Chief,
Office for Africa
+41 22 730 0508
phoolchund@intracen.org
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6. Trade Information
Sources and
Contacts
6.1 Trade Information
Sources
This section provides a
list of country specific print and online publications on trade-related topics,
including both ITC and
external sources.
6.1.1
ITC publications
Gourmet
Coffee Project: Adding Value to Green Coffee
Report on the 'Gourmet
Coffee Project' launched in 1997 by the International Coffee Organization
(ICO), Common Fund for
Commodities (CFC), and
International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO - describes the specific activities...
Expansion
du commerce intra- et inter-régional entre les pays membres de la CEMAC et de
l' UEMOA: Rapport de
l'atelier
de lancement
Read more
Read more
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Réseau
d'information commerciale et de gestion d'opportunités d'affaires - Mission
d'évaluation et de présentation
du
projet dans les différents points focaux de la CEMAC
République
Centrafricaine: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur le bois et ses produits
dérivés
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur le bois et ses produits dérivés en République Centrafricaine - la
première partie de l'étude
analyse l'industrie
forestière en République Centrafricaine, les...
Analyse
statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter- régionaux de la
CEMAC et de l'UEMOA -
Livres
scolaires, produits de l'édition et de la diffusion (résumé)
Read more
Read more
Read more
République
Centrafriquaine: Evaluation de l'état des connaissances et de l'utilisation des
nouvelles technologies de
l'information
et de la communication (NTIC) liées au commerce
Rencontre
acheteurs/vendeurs sur le bois et ses produits dérivés
République
du Congo: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les produits alimentaires en République du Congo - examine la
structure et la capacité de
production de la branche
d'activité concernée, ainsi...
Read more
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Marchés
mondiaux des fruits et légumes biologiques: Opportunités pour les pays en
développement dans la
production
et l'exportation de produits horticoles biologiques
Etude conjointe
FAO-CCI-CTA sur l'agriculture biologique visant à soutenir les pays en
développement dans leurs efforts pour
diversifier les
exportations par le biais de méthodes de production écologiques. Constitue
une...
Mercados
mundiales de frutas y verduras orgánicas: Oportunidades para los países en desarrollo
en cuanto a la
producción
y exportación de productos hortícolas orgánicos
Estudio conjunto de la
FAO-CCI-CTA sobre los productos hortícolas orgánicos teniendo por objeto ayudar
a los países en
desarrollo en diversificar
las exportaciones a través de métodos de producción agrícola...
République
centrafricaine: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les textiles et
l'habillement
Etude de l'offre et la
demande de textiles et habillement en République Centrafricaine- dans la
première partie consacrée à
l'offre, l'étude fournit
une description des produits couverts et examine la...
Read more
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Gabon:
Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires (2006)
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les produits alimentaires au Gabon - analyse la structure de
l'offre des produits
alimentaires à travers
l'examen des caractéristiques générales de l'offre,...
République
Centrafricaine: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les produits alimentaires en République Centrafricaine - examine la
structure de la
branche d'activité
concernée notamment la capacité et les facteurs de...
Rwanda:
Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les produits alimentaires au Rwanda - décrit les principaux
produits du pays et examine la
structure de la branche
d'activité; donne le...
Read more
Read more
Tchad:
Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les produits alimentaires au Tchad - examine la structure de la
branche d'activité
concernée notamment les
capacités et les facteurs de production,...
Sénégal:
Rencontre acheteurs/vendeurs sur les livres scolaires, l'édition et la
diffusion
Read more
World
Markets for Organic Fruit and Vegetables: Opportunities for Developing
Countries in the Production and
Export
of Organic Horticultural Products
Joint FAO-ITC-CTA study on
organic agriculture aimed at assisting developing countries in diversifying
exports through
environmentally sound
agricultural production methods. Provides a source of information on latest
market developments and...
Read more
Read more
Read more
République
centrafricaine: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les livres scolaires,
l'édition et la diffusion
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les livres scolaires, l' édition et la diffusion en République
Centrafricaine - examine l'offre
des produits concernés sur
le marché centrafricain dans...
Expansion
du commerce intra- et inter-régional entre les pays membres de la CEMAC et de
l' UEMOA: Rapport de
l'atelier
de lancement
Potentiel
d'exportation de la République centrafricaine
Etude analysant le
potentiel d'exportation de la République Centrafricaine (RCA) - identifie les
produits qui présente un potentiel
d'exportation important
pour la RCA, ainsi que les marchés prioritaires pour ces...
Read more
Read more
Read more
République
centrafricaine: Etude de l'offre et de la demande sur les produits alimentaires
Etude de l'offre et de la
demande sur les produits alimentaires en République centrafricaine - donne un
aperçu du marché
centrafricain et analyse
la structure de l'offre de produits alimentaires;...
Analyse
statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter-régionaux de la
CEMAC et de l'UEMOA
Analyse
statistique des flux des échanges commerciaux intra- et inter-régionaux de la
CEMAC et de l'UEMOA: Livres
scolaires,
produits de l'édition et de la diffusion
Read more
Etude
de la demande sur le riz en République Centrafricaine
Etude de la demande sur le
riz en République Centrafricaine - analyse le secteur de l'importation du riz
dans le pays: passe en
revue la taille du marché
et ses...
6.1.2 Selected printed
information sources
2007 - Draper, Peter
EU-Africa Trade Relations: The Political Economy of Economic Partnership
Agreements
2007 - Klingebiel,
Stephan, ed. Africa Agenda for 2007 : Suggestions for the German G8 and EU
Council Presidencies
2007 EU's Footprint in
the South : Does European Community Development Cooperation make a Difference
for the Poor?
2005 Accès aux marchés
des produits non-agricoles dans le cadre de l'OMC, des APEs et de AGOA : Cas de
la CEMAC
2005 Intégration
Régionale et Négociations de L'OMC sur le Commerce Des Services : Cas de
L'Afrique Centrale
2006 - Grant C Southern
Africa and the European Union: the TDCA and SADC EPA
2003 Etude visant
l'élimination ou l'atténuation des effets des distorsions subies par les pays
de l'UEMOA sur le marché
international du coton
fibre causées par les subventions pratiquées par les pays développés
producteurs de coton, notamment
les Etats-Unis
d'Amérique et les pays de l'Union Européenne
2007 - Martijn, Jan
Kees; Tsangarides, Charalambos G. Trade Reform in the CEMAC : Developments and
Opportunities
2008 EPA Negotiations :
Where do we Stand?
2013 Great Insights
2009 Negotiation Trade
in Services with the EC: Analysis of Options and Opportunities for African
Countries
2009 - Bilal S; , eds.
The Interim Economic Partnership Agreements between the EU and African States :
Contents,
Challenges and Prospects
2008 La filière bois en
Afrique centrale
2007 EPA Negotiations in
the Central African Region : Some Issues for Consideration
2009 Trade in Services
and EPAs : The Way Forward for EAC
2007 - Hopp, Mombert
Economic Partnership Agreements : Does Preferential Access of Non-LDC African
Countries
Increase?
1997 Nouveau régime
fiscal et douanier: réforme fiscalo-douanière
2007 Trade Policy Review
: Central African Republic
2006 - Sandrey R Trade
Creation and Trade Diversion Resulting from SACU Trading Agreements
2009 - Makhan, Davina
Linking EU Trade and Development Policies : Lessons from the ACP-EU Trade
Negotiations on
Economic Partnership
Agreements
2006 - Bakhache, Said
Assessing Competitiveness After Conflict :The Case of the Central African
Republic
2006 Policy Issues for
African Countries in Multilateral and Regional Trade Negotiations
2006 EPA Negotiations,
West Africa : Executive Brief
2006 - Ackerman, Frank
Implications of REACH for the Developing Countries : Possible Ways and Means to
Preserve their
Interest
2006 Sustainability
Impact Assessment (SIA) of the EU-ACP Economic Partnership Agreements : Phase
Three : Horticulture
in Eastern and Southern
Africa. - Mid-Term Report (Revised Draft)
2008 Perfil de la
Industria Paraguaya de Software
2009 Characteristics of
Malaysia's Animal Feed Market
2014 Perspectives on
Global Development 2014: Boosting Productivity to Meet the Middle-Income
Challenge
2010 Mobilizing Aid for
Trade for SPS-Related Technical Cooperation in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region
2010 Leather Garments in
the EU
2006 Overview of the
Current State of Organic Agriculture in Kenya, Uganda and the Republic of
Tanzania and the
Opportunities for
Regional Harmonization
2007 Export
Diversification and Value Addition for Human Development : Addressing the
Impact of the Agreement on Textiles
and Clothing Expiration
on Cambodia
2006 - Ruffing, Lorraine
Deepening Development Through Business Linkages
2012 OECD Economic
Surveys: Chile
2005 - Magder, D Egypt
after the Multi-Fiber Arrangement: Global Apparel and Textile Supply Chains as
a Route for Industrial
Upgrading
2006 Bangladesh:
Furniture Export Market Sector Brief
2012 Cotton
Contamination Surveys, 2001 - 2003 - 2005 - 2007 - 2009 - 2011
2006 - Boutou, Olivier
Management de la sécurité des aliments : De l'HACCP à l'ISO 22000
2006 Trading up :
Economic Perspectives on Development Issues in the Multilateral Trading System
2004 Perfiles de mercado
para productos bolivianos en los mercados de Argentina, Brasil, Chile,
Colombia, Ecuador, México,
Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay
y Venezuela
2010 Vietnam: Oilseeds
and Products
2007 Organic Farming in
the Czech Republic: 2007 Yearbook
2007 - Gibbon P; Bolwig
S Economics of Certified of Organic Farming in Tropical Africa: A Preliminary
Assessment
2006 The Relationship of
Third-party Certification (TPC) to Sanitary / Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures and
the International
Agri-Food Trade; Case
Study: Guatemala- with Emphasis on Food Safety
2007 - Ismail F
Mainstreaming Development in the WTO : Developing Countries in the Doha Round
2009 Market Report.
Focus on the Nordic Market - Fresh Fruit and Vegetables
2001 - Karlöf, Bengt
Benchlearning : Good Examples as a Lever for Development
2003 - Martin W;
Pangestu M, eds. Options for Global Trade Reform : A View from the Asia-Pacific
2010 L'industrie sri
lankaise du textile-habillement
2000 - Hauber,
Christiane Formation, Prevention & Determination of Cr (VI) in Leather
2013 Economic and
Business Review for Central and South-Eastern Europe
2006 - Gebreselassie
Fanta, Elias Does Value Addition at Oilseed Production and/or Spreading the
Gain from Export of
Oilseed Products
Increase the Income of Primary Producers?
2010 - Pannier J Recueil
de jurisprudence douanière (1990-2010)
2002 - Beswick R; Dunn
DJ Plastics in Packaging : A RAPRA Market Report
2006 Doubling Aid :
Making the Big Push Work
2006 Determining
'likeness' under the GATS : Squaring the Circle?
2014 Africa Investor
2004 Guidelines on
Microfinance : Making Financial Markets Work for the Poor
2007 Libéralisation des
échanges de services et développement du tourisme
2007 Offre de Emballage
en Afrique de l'ouest
2008 An Overview of the
Mobile Phone Banking Industry
2007 Sixth World
Congress on Seafood Safety, Quality and Trade
2007 - Wood, Aileen A
Comprehensive Library Staff Training Program in the Information Age
2005 - [s.n] The Science
of Shrinkage Control : An Interactive Guide to Improved Shrinkage Performances
2011 Libéralisation du
transport aérien en Afrique
2012 - Wollenberg E; ,
eds. Climate Change Mitigation and Agriculture
2009 - Novogratz J The
Blue Sweater: Bridging the Gap Between Rich and Poor in an Interconnected World
2011 - Cadot O Impact
Evaluation of Trade Interventions : Paving the Way
2011 - Banerjee A V;
Duflo E Poor Economics : A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global
Poverty
2014 Edible Nuts in
Turkey
2011 Perfil de Frutas
Tropicales Frescas y Procesadas en Chile
2011 Germany: Product
Brief Fresh Fruits
2010 - Reilly D, Reilly
A, Lewis J Towards an Australian Date Industry: An overview of the Australian
domestic and
international date
industries
international date
industries
2011 Feasibility Study
for a Cotton Spinning Mill in 11 [Eleven] Sub-Saharan African Countries
2011 Foro Público de la
OMC
6.1.3 Selected online
information sources
Africa and Europe in
Partnership
Organic Cotton Europe
Africa-Europe
Partnership
Economic Community of
Central African States (ECCAS) = Communauté Economique des Etats d'Afrique
Centrale (CEEAC)
Organisation africaine
de la propriété intellectuelle = African Intellectual Property Organization
OHADA
Interpress Service News
Agency (IPS)
Investir en Zone Franc
OHADA LEGIS
Africannuaire
The African Caribbean
Pacific Local Government Platform (ACPLGP) = Plateforme des Collectivités
Locales des pays Afrique
Caraïbes Pacifique
European Business
Council for Africa and the Mediterranean (EBCAM)
Communauté Economique et
Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC)
europafrica.org
6.2 Trade Contacts
Yorumlar